Exam 3 - Lymphatic Flashcards
the lymphatic system helps to filter for ___ which are foreign substances
pathogens
things move out of circulation into ____ and then into the ___
interstitial space, cells
things that are in interstitial space can either get into ___, ____ or ____
blood vessels, cells, lymphatic vessels
the two main roles of the lymphatic system are
immunity and returning fluids back to circulation
lymphatic vessels flow ___ the heart and have ___ pressure
towards, low
lymphoid tissues and organ include:
lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, and Peyer’s patches
lymph is the ___ portion contained within ___
fluid, vessels
in lymphatic vessels, fluid from ___ gets into lymphatic circulation and is pushed under very ___ pressure and often contains ___
interstitial space, low, proteins
in lymphatic vessels, this ___- rich fluid gets into them and is eventually dumped into the ___ system then these create ___ pressure which regulates fluid movement into and out of blood capillaries. this fluid also helps maintain blood ___ which is linked to maintenance of blood ___
protein, circulatory, colloid osmotic, volume, pressure
lymphatic capillaries are made up of a single layer of loosely overlapping ___ cells and because they overlap these are very ___. capillaries are anchored by ___ causing one part to be ___ and the other to be ___ which allows for closing and opening of valves which is based on the amount of ___.
endothelial, permeable, collagen fibers, attached, moveable, pressure
when will valves open?
when pressure in interstitial space is > than that of capillary pressure
when will valves close?
when pressure in capillary is > than that of interstitial space
lymphatic capillaries are all over the body with a few exceptions:
bones, teeth, and CNS
lacteals are lymphatic capillaries located in the ____ and are capillaries that extend into the __ of the small intestines which allows for digested ___ to enter into the lacteal which then transports them to the ___ where they can be circulated.
intestines, villi, nutrients, bloodstream
the lymph contained within lacteals is called
chyle
lymphatic capillaries empty into ___ and ___ causes these to open
lymph collecting vessels, interstitial pressure
lymphatic collecting vessels take blood from ___ and are ___ and have more valves than ___ and have __ tunics
lymphatic capillaries, thinner, veins, 3
the 5 major lymphatic trunks are and they drain the ___ of the body into ___
bronchomediastinal, subclavian, jugular, lumbar, intestinal, large areas, lymphatic ducts
name and describe the two lymphatic ducts
right duct: collects lymph from head, upper right arm, and thorax
left thoracic duct: drains lymph from rest of body and empties on left side of neck, originated from cisterna chyli
ducts merge and empty at the junction point of the ___ and ___ veins and the blood in these large veins is under very __ pressure and the fluid in the lymphatic duct is under ___ pressure.
jugular, subclavian, low, low
pressure in veins has to be ___ than in the __ for lymph to move into circulation and lymph becomes part of blood ___
lower, ducts, plasma
lymphatic flow order
capillaries –> lymph vessels –> lymph trunks –> ducts –> blood veins
the bronchomediastinal lymphatic trunk drains ____
around the lungs
the subclavian lymphatic trunk drains the
and the jugular drains the
arms
neck and head
lumbar lymphatic trunk drains from
intestinal drains from
back
abdominal cavity
factors assisting lymphatic flow
valves, muscular pump, respiratory pump, arterial pumping, smooth muscle contraction
how do valves assist lymphatic flow?
lymph vessels have more valves than veins so they help keep the lymph moving in one direction
how does the muscular pump assist lymphatic flow
contraction of skeletal muscle squeezes against vessels and pushes lymph up toward the heart
how does the respiratory pump assist lymphatic flow
breathing in creates low pressure in thoracic cavity and lymph moves into these low pressure areas
how does arterial pumping assist in lymphatic flow
lymph vessels run next to arteries so as blood is being pushed through the arteries that pulse pressure pushes lymph towards heart
how does smooth muscle contraction assist in lymphatic flow
there is smooth muscle in walls of lymph trunks and thoracic duct and peristaltic movement of vessel moves lymph toward the heart
lymphocytes are a type of ___ produced in the ___ and when they leave it they accumulate in ___. these cells attack and eliminate __ things in the __ as it passes through
WBC, red bone marrow, lymphatic tissue, foreign, lymph
two types of lymphocytes
b cells and t cells
B cells become ___ in the ___ when they encounter something foreign, they produce __ which then produce ___ that will attach to foreign things and simply hangout there. by attaching to it, they’ve __ it for __ by something else. B cells are __ for antigens
immunocompetent, bone marrow, plasma, antibodies, marked, destruction, specific
T cells become immunocompetent in the __ and when they encounter something foreign they kill it ___ and usually kill through process of __ and these are ___
thymus, directly, lysis, specific
macrophages were ___ called __ which ___ out of circulation and lots of them accumulate in ___ and are phagocytic cells. these are ___ and if its foreign they will ____ it
WBC, monocytes, diapedis, lymphatic tissue, nonspecific, phagocytize
basic flow of macrophages
ingest foreign things - present markers on outside of cell - activated T cell kills it
dendritic cells are another type of ___ cells and are __ if its foreign they ___ it and also activate __ lymphocytes to come kill them along with the __ they engulfed essentially ___ themselves
phagocytic, nonspecific, phagocytize, T, pathogen, sacrifice
reticular cells produce __ and they make a ___ type structure, called the __, where the other cells hang out
reticular fibers, cobweb, stroma
lymphoid tissue is the proliferation site for __ and they collect and accumulate here
lymphocytes
___ are attached to the fibers of the stroma (stuck)
macrophages
__ are temporarily in the spaces between the fibers (movable)
lymphocytes
lymphoid tissue allows for detection of __ or ___ and is predominantly ___ tissue except in the __ we see the this tissue in nodular areas often called ___ centers
infection, damage, reticular connective, thymus, germinal
lymph nodes are the __ lymphatic organ and the most __ one of the body its major function is to filter __ and contain __ and ___
smallest, abundant, lymph, lymphocytes, macrophages
spleen is the __ lymphatic organ and its major function is to filter __ and store __ they remove aged and __ blood cells
largest, blood, platelets, defective
the thymus is where __ become immunocompetent and it produces __ and __ it __ have reticular cells and they are active in __ life and it ___ over time
T lymphocytes, thymosin, thymopoietin, does not, early, diminishes
tonsils gather and remove anything that is __ in the food or air. called __ cells and named based on __
foreign, suicidal, location
peyer’s patches are a lymphatic organ in the __ portion of the ____
distal, small intestine
lymph nodes have an outer potion called the __ and an inner portion called the __
cortex, medulla
lymph node action
1. __ lymph vessels deliver lymph to the ___ of the lymph node
2. lymph travels through the ___ and is filtered through the __ in the medulla
3. exits through __ lymphatic vessels at the ___
afferent, cortex
sinuses, stroma
efferent, hilus
spleen action
1. blood delivered via ___
2. lymph is filtered by __ in the __ pulp full of WBCs
3. then filtered through __ pulp by ___
4. __ fluid returns to __ which takes it back into ___
- splenic artery
- lymphocytes, white
- red, macrophages
- cleansed, splenic vein, circulation
thymus action
1. action most prominent in ___
2. secretes hormones __ and ___ which cause T lymphocytes to become ___
3. doesn’t have ___ cells making up a __ instead it has __ making it up and these are __ cells which are responsible for releasing the __ of the thymus
- newborns
- thymosin, thymopoietin, immunocompetent
- reticular, stroma, thymocytes, secretory, hormones
tonsils are all located at the __ where the __ cavity and __ cavity meet
pharynx, nasal, oral
palatine is on side of __ and are the __ tonsil and the most likely to be __ commonly taken out in procedure called ___ there are __ of these
soft palate, largest, infected, tonsillectomy, two
lingual tonsils are on side of __ and there are __ of these
tongue base, two
pharyngeal tonsils are on __ wall of __ and commonly taken out in __ and there is only __ of these
rear, pharynx, tonsillectomy, one
tubal tonsils are at base of __ and connects __ to __ there are __ of these
eustachian tube, ear, pharynx, two
tonsil histology is follicles with __ centers which are full of___ tissues and other __ cells and crypts are dead end alleys which trap __ and other ___ and these then get pushed through __ tissue to be filtered
germinal, reticular, lymphatic, bacteria, pathogens, lymphatic
tonsil action
1. __ trap bacteria and particulates
2. bacteria pass through __ into __ tissue
3. lymphoid tissue destroys __ so they can’t infect us
4. __ cells are formed
crypts
epithelium, lymphoid
pathogens
memory
peyers patches are isolated clusters of lymphoid __ located in the __ portion of the __ intestine and around the __ this part of our digestive tract is rich with __ and we want to keep that bacteria from becoming too __ and they function to __ bacteria
follicles, distal, small, appendix, bacteria, populated, destroy
lymphatic development
1. developing __ bud off __ at __ week post conception the first to form are __ lymph sace and also form __ and __ veins
2. these form a __ system of lymphatic vessels
3. connection of __ lymph sac with __ veins becomes __ lymphatic duct and __ duct
4. lymphoid organs develop from __ that becomes __ tissue except the __
1 veins, lymph sacs, 5th
2 branching
3 jugular, jugular, right, thoracic
4 mesodermal mesenchyme, reticular, thymus
