Exam 3 - Lymphatic

Question 1

the lymphatic system helps to filter for ___ which are foreign substances

Answer 1

pathogens

Question 2

things move out of circulation into ____ and then into the ___

Answer 2

interstitial space, cells

Question 3

things that are in interstitial space can either get into ___, ____ or ____

Answer 3

blood vessels, cells, lymphatic vessels

Question 4

the two main roles of the lymphatic system are

Answer 4

immunity and returning fluids back to circulation

Question 5

lymphatic vessels flow ___ the heart and have ___ pressure

Answer 5

towards, low

Question 6

lymphoid tissues and organ include:

Answer 6

lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, and Peyer’s patches

Question 7

lymph is the ___ portion contained within ___

Answer 7

fluid, vessels

Question 8

in lymphatic vessels, fluid from ___ gets into lymphatic circulation and is pushed under very ___ pressure and often contains ___

Answer 8

interstitial space, low, proteins

Question 9

in lymphatic vessels, this ___- rich fluid gets into them and is eventually dumped into the ___ system then these create ___ pressure which regulates fluid movement into and out of blood capillaries. this fluid also helps maintain blood ___ which is linked to maintenance of blood ___

Answer 9

protein, circulatory, colloid osmotic, volume, pressure

Question 10

lymphatic capillaries are made up of a single layer of loosely overlapping ___ cells and because they overlap these are very ___. capillaries are anchored by ___ causing one part to be ___ and the other to be ___ which allows for closing and opening of valves which is based on the amount of ___.

Answer 10

endothelial, permeable, collagen fibers, attached, moveable, pressure

Question 11

when will valves open?

Answer 11

when pressure in interstitial space is > than that of capillary pressure

Question 12

when will valves close?

Answer 12

when pressure in capillary is > than that of interstitial space

Question 13

lymphatic capillaries are all over the body with a few exceptions:

Answer 13

bones, teeth, and CNS

Question 14

lacteals are lymphatic capillaries located in the ____ and are capillaries that extend into the __ of the small intestines which allows for digested ___ to enter into the lacteal which then transports them to the ___ where they can be circulated.

Answer 14

intestines, villi, nutrients, bloodstream

Question 15

the lymph contained within lacteals is called

Answer 15

chyle

Question 16

lymphatic capillaries empty into ___ and ___ causes these to open

Answer 16

lymph collecting vessels, interstitial pressure

Question 17

lymphatic collecting vessels take blood from ___ and are ___ and have more valves than ___ and have __ tunics

Answer 17

lymphatic capillaries, thinner, veins, 3

Question 18

the 5 major lymphatic trunks are and they drain the ___ of the body into ___

Answer 18

bronchomediastinal, subclavian, jugular, lumbar, intestinal, large areas, lymphatic ducts

Question 19

name and describe the two lymphatic ducts

Answer 19

right duct: collects lymph from head, upper right arm, and thorax
left thoracic duct: drains lymph from rest of body and empties on left side of neck, originated from cisterna chyli

Question 20

ducts merge and empty at the junction point of the ___ and ___ veins and the blood in these large veins is under very __ pressure and the fluid in the lymphatic duct is under ___ pressure.

Answer 20

jugular, subclavian, low, low

Question 21

pressure in veins has to be ___ than in the __ for lymph to move into circulation and lymph becomes part of blood ___

Answer 21

lower, ducts, plasma

Question 22

lymphatic flow order

Answer 22

capillaries –> lymph vessels –> lymph trunks –> ducts –> blood veins

Question 23

the bronchomediastinal lymphatic trunk drains ____

Answer 23

around the lungs

Question 24

the subclavian lymphatic trunk drains the
and the jugular drains the

Answer 24

arms
neck and head

Question 25

lumbar lymphatic trunk drains from
intestinal drains from

Answer 25

back
abdominal cavity

Question 26

factors assisting lymphatic flow

Answer 26

valves, muscular pump, respiratory pump, arterial pumping, smooth muscle contraction

Question 27

how do valves assist lymphatic flow?

Answer 27

lymph vessels have more valves than veins so they help keep the lymph moving in one direction

Question 28

how does the muscular pump assist lymphatic flow

Answer 28

contraction of skeletal muscle squeezes against vessels and pushes lymph up toward the heart

Question 29

how does the respiratory pump assist lymphatic flow

Answer 29

breathing in creates low pressure in thoracic cavity and lymph moves into these low pressure areas

Question 30

how does arterial pumping assist in lymphatic flow

Answer 30

lymph vessels run next to arteries so as blood is being pushed through the arteries that pulse pressure pushes lymph towards heart

Question 31

how does smooth muscle contraction assist in lymphatic flow

Answer 31

there is smooth muscle in walls of lymph trunks and thoracic duct and peristaltic movement of vessel moves lymph toward the heart

Question 32

lymphocytes are a type of ___ produced in the ___ and when they leave it they accumulate in ___. these cells attack and eliminate __ things in the __ as it passes through

Answer 32

WBC, red bone marrow, lymphatic tissue, foreign, lymph

Question 33

two types of lymphocytes

Answer 33

b cells and t cells

Question 34

B cells become ___ in the ___ when they encounter something foreign, they produce __ which then produce ___ that will attach to foreign things and simply hangout there. by attaching to it, they’ve __ it for __ by something else. B cells are __ for antigens

Answer 34

immunocompetent, bone marrow, plasma, antibodies, marked, destruction, specific

Question 35

T cells become immunocompetent in the __ and when they encounter something foreign they kill it ___ and usually kill through process of __ and these are ___

Answer 35

thymus, directly, lysis, specific

Question 36

macrophages were ___ called __ which ___ out of circulation and lots of them accumulate in ___ and are phagocytic cells. these are ___ and if its foreign they will ____ it

Answer 36

WBC, monocytes, diapedis, lymphatic tissue, nonspecific, phagocytize

Question 37

basic flow of macrophages

Answer 37

ingest foreign things - present markers on outside of cell - activated T cell kills it

Question 38

dendritic cells are another type of ___ cells and are __ if its foreign they ___ it and also activate __ lymphocytes to come kill them along with the __ they engulfed essentially ___ themselves

Answer 38

phagocytic, nonspecific, phagocytize, T, pathogen, sacrifice

Question 39

reticular cells produce __ and they make a ___ type structure, called the __, where the other cells hang out

Answer 39

reticular fibers, cobweb, stroma

Question 40

lymphoid tissue is the proliferation site for __ and they collect and accumulate here

Answer 40

lymphocytes

Question 41

___ are attached to the fibers of the stroma (stuck)

Answer 41

macrophages

Question 42

__ are temporarily in the spaces between the fibers (movable)

Answer 42

lymphocytes

Question 43

lymphoid tissue allows for detection of __ or ___ and is predominantly ___ tissue except in the __ we see the this tissue in nodular areas often called ___ centers

Answer 43

infection, damage, reticular connective, thymus, germinal

Question 44

lymph nodes are the __ lymphatic organ and the most __ one of the body its major function is to filter __ and contain __ and ___

Answer 44

smallest, abundant, lymph, lymphocytes, macrophages

Question 45

spleen is the __ lymphatic organ and its major function is to filter __ and store __ they remove aged and __ blood cells

Answer 45

largest, blood, platelets, defective

Question 46

the thymus is where __ become immunocompetent and it produces __ and __ it __ have reticular cells and they are active in __ life and it ___ over time

Answer 46

T lymphocytes, thymosin, thymopoietin, does not, early, diminishes

Question 47

tonsils gather and remove anything that is __ in the food or air. called __ cells and named based on __

Answer 47

foreign, suicidal, location

Question 48

peyer’s patches are a lymphatic organ in the __ portion of the ____

Answer 48

distal, small intestine

Question 49

lymph nodes have an outer potion called the __ and an inner portion called the __

Answer 49

cortex, medulla

Question 50

lymph node action
1. __ lymph vessels deliver lymph to the ___ of the lymph node
2. lymph travels through the ___ and is filtered through the __ in the medulla
3. exits through __ lymphatic vessels at the ___

Answer 50

afferent, cortex
sinuses, stroma
efferent, hilus

Question 51

spleen action
1. blood delivered via ___
2. lymph is filtered by __ in the __ pulp full of WBCs
3. then filtered through __ pulp by ___
4. __ fluid returns to __ which takes it back into ___

Answer 51

1. splenic artery
2. lymphocytes, white
3. red, macrophages
4. cleansed, splenic vein, circulation

Question 52

thymus action
1. action most prominent in ___
2. secretes hormones __ and ___ which cause T lymphocytes to become ___
3. doesn’t have ___ cells making up a __ instead it has __ making it up and these are __ cells which are responsible for releasing the __ of the thymus

Answer 52

1. newborns
2. thymosin, thymopoietin, immunocompetent
3. reticular, stroma, thymocytes, secretory, hormones

Question 53

tonsils are all located at the __ where the __ cavity and __ cavity meet

Answer 53

pharynx, nasal, oral

Question 54

palatine is on side of __ and are the __ tonsil and the most likely to be __ commonly taken out in procedure called ___ there are __ of these

Answer 54

soft palate, largest, infected, tonsillectomy, two

Question 55

lingual tonsils are on side of __ and there are __ of these

Answer 55

tongue base, two

Question 56

pharyngeal tonsils are on __ wall of __ and commonly taken out in __ and there is only __ of these

Answer 56

rear, pharynx, tonsillectomy, one

Question 57

tubal tonsils are at base of __ and connects __ to __ there are __ of these

Answer 57

eustachian tube, ear, pharynx, two

Question 58

tonsil histology is follicles with __ centers which are full of___ tissues and other __ cells and crypts are dead end alleys which trap __ and other ___ and these then get pushed through __ tissue to be filtered

Answer 58

germinal, reticular, lymphatic, bacteria, pathogens, lymphatic

Question 59

tonsil action
1. __ trap bacteria and particulates
2. bacteria pass through __ into __ tissue
3. lymphoid tissue destroys __ so they can’t infect us
4. __ cells are formed

Answer 59

crypts
epithelium, lymphoid
pathogens
memory

Question 60

peyers patches are isolated clusters of lymphoid __ located in the __ portion of the __ intestine and around the __ this part of our digestive tract is rich with __ and we want to keep that bacteria from becoming too __ and they function to __ bacteria

Answer 60

follicles, distal, small, appendix, bacteria, populated, destroy

Question 61

lymphatic development
1. developing __ bud off __ at __ week post conception the first to form are __ lymph sace and also form __ and __ veins
2. these form a __ system of lymphatic vessels
3. connection of __ lymph sac with __ veins becomes __ lymphatic duct and __ duct
4. lymphoid organs develop from __ that becomes __ tissue except the __

Answer 61

1 veins, lymph sacs, 5th
2 branching
3 jugular, jugular, right, thoracic
4 mesodermal mesenchyme, reticular, thymus