History Chapter 6 Flashcards
In January 1776, Thomas Paine from Philadelphia writes ______ _______
Common Sense
Even with independence, some is at stake, so people question…
if they want independence still
Common Sense:
a 50 pg pamphlet that criticizes British rule
Common Sense felt as though it was obvious for independence to be declared based off of..
England’s treatment
By 1800, 500,000 copies of Common Sense were sold, which made Thomas Paine go to a nobody to what?
an instant American Hero
Who proposes a resolution?
Richard Henry Lee
Richard’s resolution stated that…
the United Colonies are and of right ought to be free and independent states
Who are the members of the Committee of Five?
Jefferson, Franklin, Adams, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston
Who is chosen to write the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson was chosen to write the D.O.I. because…
he was well educated, one of the bright minds of America, and had a UNIQUE WRITING STYLE
Jefferson’s goal was:
“To place before mankind the common sense of the matter in terms so plain and so firm as to command their consent”
Jefferson’s ideas were built off the _______ and ides of _______ ______
Enlightenment, John Locke
The Preamble:
the introduction the DOI
What does the Preamble focus on?
emphasis on 2 human rights
Explanations on why they are to break away
Parts of the DOI:
Preamble
Natural Rights
List of Grievances
Dissolution of Bonds
Part I of DOI explanation:
discusses the basic rights that we should have as humans
- all men are created equal
- life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
- we hold the truths to be self evident
Part II of DOI explanation:
-ALL the ways King George III abused the colonies (25 in total)
>Longest part of DOI
-facts-
Part III of DOI explanation:
- The conclusion summing up everything
- We (colonies) are now the United States of America
- Ridding themselves of Great Britain
Impact of DOI:
the DOI is a ‘birth certificate’ adressed to the king, Parliament, etc
When did the members of CC approve the DOI?
July 4, 1776
What does the British attempt to do to defeat the rebellion?
split the colonies in two and attack the middle
What is General Howe’s strategy?
to take control of New York and land on Staten Island
In the Battle of Long Island (6 weeks after DOI) Washington is stuck, and makes a crucial decision, he has to fight, but may lose, or leave and act a fool. What does he do? (Add Date)
He retreats over the Manhattan Bridge on the Night of August 27
In 1777, which general wants to cut New England from the colonies with a three prong attack?
John Burgoyne
In Saratoga, who is given command of the CA?
General Horatio Gates
Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold argue, but which one is the true unsung hero of Saratoga?
Benedict Arnold
The British army is captured and surrenders on what date?
October 17, 1777
Saratoga is the ______ _____ of the American Revolution
Turning Point
Name the 3 reasons why Saratoga is the turning point?
Ends Britain’s threat in North England
No longer an easy victory
Europe sees that America may have a chance
After Saratoga, what country helps the Americans?
France
*In what year does the French promise to send their navy and allies them?
1778
Which countries also go to war against Britain?
Netherlands and Spain
Marquis de Lafayette was an officer in GW’s army,, he was close friends with…. and is a ______ officer
George Washington, French
Thaddeus, Kosciusko: (Country & Occupation)
Poland and an Engineer
Casmir Pulaski: (Country & Occupation)
Poland and led & trained cavalries
cavalry:
soldiers on horseback
Fredrich von Steuben:
from the Prussian Army and taught the CA how to march, aim better, and use bayonets
European support will help the US win the war by??
providing them with weapons, ships, and man power
*George Washington decides to take… in Valley Forge
Winter Quarters
What was a non-battle but extremely difficult for the Continental Army?
Valley Forge
Why was Valley Forge difficult?
They were low on food, clothing; diseases; worst winter
*The time spent in Valley Forge is used for ___________ for the training of soldiers
rejuvenation
For African Americans in the war, what was the war considered?
both a danger and opportunity
Britain offered freedom for those African Americans who…
deserted the Continental Army, escaped their masters and joined them
Why didn’t Washington accept African Americans in his army?
he feared his other men may be racists and have conflict
When did Pennsylvania end slavery?
in 1780
In war, women take the home obligations of who?
men
What did women do in the war?
nursing, cooking, cleaning, etc
Who were two famous woman who helped in the war?
Deborah Simpson & Molly Pitcher
Since the CC is in debt, they print continentals (paper money) but why are they useless?
There’s too much and they aren’t backed up
Why do many Native American Tribes side with the British?
they hoped to obtain land
George Rogers Clark:
sent to attack the British forts west of the Appalachian Mountains
How did Spain unofficially help the CA?
they provided money and ammo, not people
*Bernando de Galvez:
provides money ad ammo and allows use of the port in New Orleans
The British have a huge advantage over the CA at sea, so what does the CA do?
hire privateers and attach cannons to merchant ships for bootleg warships
*Privateers:
Had to act like Pirate ships
A famous battle was off the coast of England in what year?
1779
*John Paul Jones: (What is his nickname?)
American Sea captain of the Bonhomme Richard; Father of the American Navy
John fought against which British ship?
Serapis
John Paul Jones’ famous quote:
“I have not yet begun to fight”
Who was the British Commander of the South?
Lord Charles Cornwallis
What was Cornwallis’ plan?
to capture major cities marching north and take down the colonies 1 by 1
Guerrilla Warfare:
hit and run attacks
*What was Francis Marion known for (his nickname) for guerrilla warfare?
The Swamp Fox
Nathanael Greene:
Commander of the Continental Army in the South
What does Nathanael Green to divide his army?
splits it into two
Who wins the battle of Cowpens?
Daniel Morgan
Who was the traitor of the Americans and what place did he give up?
Benedict Arnold; he gave up West Point
When does the French Navy show up?
Battle of Yorktown
When does the British finally surrender at Yorktown?
October 19, 1781
The British agree to do what with the French after the war?
to move their troops immediately from the US
List the 4 reasons why the Americans Won?
- The Americans knew the Geography
- The Patriot Spirit
- Skilled Leaders
- Help from
