History: Chapter 2 Flashcards
What were the ways the League of Nations settled disputes?
- International court of justice
- Moral condemnation
- Economic sanctions
- Military force / collective security
Who were the three major powers that did not join the League of Nations?
America, Russia & Germany
Why did America not Join the LON?
- Warren harding wanted isolationism
- The casualties in WW1 were very high and they didn’t want to send more troops to die
- Woodrow Wilson lost to the Congress
- USA did not want to be involved
- USA wanted full trade (not hindered by sanctions)
- USA thought they would be a puppet to Britain and France
Why did Russia not join the LON?
Too communist (not allowed to join)
Why did Germany not join the LON?
They were not allowed to join (but joined later)
Who were the permanent members of the League of Nations in 1920?
Britain, France, Italy, Japan
Who were the neutral people who investigated conflicts?
The Mandate Commisioners
When was the Kellogg-Briand Pact signed?
1928
What triggered the Japanese invasion of Machuria?
Chinese aggression against their railways
Who led the LON’s investigation of the Machuria Crisis?
Lord Lytton
What was Japan asked to do by the LON regarding the Manchuria crisis?
Japan was asked to leave Manchuria
What was Japan’s response to the LON’S decision regarding the Manchuria crisis?
Japan stayed in Manchuria and left the League
When did the Manchurian crisis start?
1932
What was the League’s response to the Manchurian crisis?
- League officials sailed to China to assess the situation
- Four officials, including a representative from USA, went to China
- Officials spent six weeks in the province and it took a year to complete their report
- In September 1932, they issues the Lytton report (after Lord Lytton who was head of the deputation)
When did Lord Lytton reach his judgement of the Manchuria crisis?
Febrary 1933
What did the Manchurian crisis show about the League of Nations?
- Any major power could be aggressive
- The LON was inefficient in dealing with crises
What were the effects of the Manchurian crisis?
- Britain and France were reluctant to put sanctions on Japan as they still wanted trade
- Britain and France also did not want to send troops away for collective security
- LON’s reputation was badly damaged
- Dictators like Mussolini and Hitler saw the weakness in Hitler’s power
How did Mussolini hope to distract the Italians from the impact of the Great Depression?
By seizing Abyssinia
When did the Italian troops invade Abyssinia?
1935
Why didn’t Britain and France want to impose sanctions on Italy?
They wanted to remain allies with Mussolinin against Hitler
What actions did the LON take against Italy?
- Imposed economic sanctions
- Imposed a ban on weapons, rubber and metal
Which waterway continued to remain open for Italian ships?
Suez Canal
Why should the Suez Canal have been closed and why should oil have been one of the bans on Italy?
It would’ve stopped Italian supplies from getting into Abyssinia; Oil meant Italy could still move men and weapons to Abyssinia (America increased their oil exports to Italy)
Who was the Prime Minister of Abyssinia?
Haile Selassie
What was the name of the agreement Mussolini signed with Hitler?
Rome-Berlin Axis
Who were Hoare and Laval?
British and French foreign ministers
What was the Hoare-Laval Pact?
An agreement between Hoare, Laval and Mussolini stating that Mussolini would get two thirds of Abyssinia if he called off the invasion
What was the result of the Hoare-Laval Pact?
Hoare and Laval bscheme was leaked to the press, this made the LON seem like a failure and no one went to the LON for help anymore.
When was the World Disarmament Conference?
1932
