History and Symptoms Flashcards
what could constant DV blur mean?
-if onset is gradual then myopia
-nuclear sclerosis if older patients have a myopic shift
what could intermittent DV blur mean?
-in young diabetic patients, it could be variable myopia
-pseudomyopia if triggered by long periods of close work
what could intermittent NV blur mean?
presbyopic if it gets better in daylight or gd lighting
what are the symptoms of a headache due to intra-cranial pressure (ICP)
-tends to be worse upon awakening
-worse with physical exertion like coughing or bending down
-sometimes has diplopia or vomiting
what are the symptoms of headaches due to giant cell arteritis (GCA)?
-temporal location of headaches
-may be accompanied by scalp tenderness, shoulder pain and ma
what are the symptoms of optic neuritis/ a compression lesion of the optic nerve?
-peri ocular pain
-sudden vision loss
what diseases can cause ocular pain?
-microbial keratitis
-acute angle closure glaucoma
what are the Sx of visual migrane
-typical pattern
-with or without aura
-tinnitus
-nausea
what type of people are floaters common in?
-older people as they arise due to normal age-related changes in the vitreous
-high myopes
what causes flashes?
when liquefaction of the vitreous causes PVD, a risk factor for retinal detachment
if dipopia is vertical (images are side by side) what type of diplopia is it most likely?
pathological/ traumatic diplopia
what kind of diplopia is most common? monocular or binocular?
binocular
what can cause monocular diplopia?
-refractive error
-astigmatism
-macular disease
-cataract
what can cause binocular diplopia?
-orbital disorder
-extraocular muscle disorder
-neuromuscular junction dysfunction
-third, fourth and sixth cranial nerve palsy
-injury to the CNS
give 5 visual causes of asthenopia (eye strain)
-ametropia
-accommodative dysfunction
-presbyopia
-binocular anomaly
-poor illumination
give 2 pathological causes of asthenopia
-ocular inflammation
-retinal disease
how can steroids affect the eyes?
cause raised IOP
how can glaucoma medication affect the eyes?
if it is poorly controlling the IOP then it may cause retinal vein occlusion
how can hypersensitive medications affect the eyes?
possible higher risk of hypersensitive retinopathy
how can statins affect the eyes?
if its causing poorly controlled hypercholesterolaemia it may cause retinal artery occlusion
