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Revision 2024 > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

1
Q

What was Charles I wife called?

A

Henrietta Maria

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2
Q

When was Charles I executed?

A

January 30th, 1649

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3
Q

When did Charles I become king?

A

1625

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4
Q

What was Charles I advisor called?

A

Lord Buckingham

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5
Q

What are some long term political causes for the Civil War? (3)

A
  • Charles tendency to dismiss other people’s views
  • Charles couldn’t be challenged because of the Divine Right Of Kings
  • Charles could be easily swayed by his favourite advisor (Lord Buckingham)
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6
Q

What are some long term financial causes of the Civil War? (3)

A

-Charles had the ask for money from other people, the country was bankrupt
- Parliament didn’t trust the Kind enough to let him have Custom duties
- The public wouldn’t pay the taxes, and instead started revolts

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7
Q

What are some long term religious causes of the Civil War? (3)

A
  • Charles wife was catholic, there was possibility that his wife was swaying the King
  • The new churches looked Catholic, England was fully Protestant
  • When the prayer book was introduced to Scotland (they are Catholic, England is Protestant) many were upset
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8
Q

What are some short term cause for the civil war? (give three) (part 1 of 3)

A

-the short parliament (parliament started to gain more power, they stopped Charles from keeping the taxes)
-the long parliament (Parliament demanded that Charles changed his policies, they tried to get more rights and made life more difficult for the king)
-summer of 1641 (Charles finally agreed to send, some of his men were removed, ship money was banned and Charles authority diminished because of new demand from Parliament )

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9
Q

What are some short-term causes for the Civil War? (give 3) (part 2 of 3)

A
  • the grand remonstrance (parliament made a unit of demands for the king, Parliament had to aprove ministers, parliament won the vote 159 votes to 148, Charles still had some power)
  • the Irish rebellion (Irish Catholics revolted against the protestants in Ireland, some people thought Charles was behind the attacks)
  • the attempted arrest of 5 MPs (Charles attempted to arrest five MPs who particularly against the authority of Charles, this act showed that Charles a little respect for parliament )
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10
Q

What are some short-term causes of the Civil War? (give 2) (3 of 3)

A
  • march 1642 ( England needs an army to put down the Irish, however Palin didn’t trust the king with the army and just took control of it)
  • the 19 propositions (Parliament made another set of demands , all policies and officials had to be approved by Parliament, they even took control of the education of the King’s kids)
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11
Q

What were Charles’s views on power?

A
  • he thought he was better than parliament and disrespected them
  • He highly regarded his advisors and let them persuade him
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12
Q

What were Charles religious policies?

A
  • Charles’s Archbishop of Canterbury (William Laud) redesigned the churches, they now looked like Catholic Churches, England was protestant)
  • The Scottish prayer book revolt ( Charles tried to introduce the protestant prayer book in Scotland, this caused many revolts)
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13
Q

What were Charles’s financial policies?

A
  • he had issues with the tax money (the country is massively in debt)
  • ship money (Charles started taxing people who live near the sea)
  • coat and conduct (people were taxed money to pay for the armies uniform and weapons)
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14
Q

What was the most important factor for the Civil War breaking out?

political, financial or religious

A

political

Charles was completely disrespectful to his parliament! He never took in their views (didn’t listen to them)

Instead, he only listened to his favourite advisor and let him (Lord Buckingham) sway him in the decision-making and future of the country.

He was forever misusing his power, and took advantage of parliament.

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15
Q

What were the two sides in the Civil War?

A

The Roundheads (parliament) and the Cavaliers (the king’s side)

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16
Q

What is the Date of the Battle of Nasbey?

A

June, 1645

17
Q

What is the date of the battle of Marstonmoor?

A

July, 1644

18
Q

What was the result of the Battle of Naseby?

A

Roundheads won!

(Parliament won, King Charles lost)

19
Q

What was the result of the Battle of Marston Moor?

A

Roundheads won!

(Parliament won, King Charles lost)

20
Q

How did Parliament win the Civil War?

A

Parliament had invested in the new model army, they had thousands of soldiers, many artillery and an excellent cavalry

21
Q

What happened at King Charles execution?

A

In the morning, Charles woke up early, and requested two white shirts as it was cold

He was then taken to Whitehall , he ate bread and drank wine, then prayed

He was beheaded in front of the banqueting hall in Whitehall , before a crowd of men and women who had come to witness the extraordinary first execution of a monarch in England’s History

22
Q

What was the transatlantic slave trade?

A

It was the movement of millions of slaves across the Atlantic Ocean

23
Q

What was the triangle trade?

A

The Triangular Trade was a trading route that supported the transport of imports and exports between Great Britain, Africa, the Caribbean, and America.

24
Q

How did the triangle trade work?

A
  1. Traders left Britain with ships loaded with manufactured goods such as cloth, weapons, metalwork, alcohol and other luxury items. This ships would sail for Africa.
  2. Slave ships landed in West Africa and picked up African prisoners who had been captured by African chiefs. They were then taken across the Atlantic.
  3. In the Caribbean and Americas, the slaves would be traded with plantation owners in exchange for goods such as sugar, tobacco, cotton, and other valuable goods. The ships would then return to Britain and sell the materials there.
25
Q

Why did the triangle trade develop? (3)

A
  • demand for sugar
  • shortage of indigenous labour
  • shortage of British labour
  • racial attitudes
  • religious justification
26
Q

During the slave trade, how were enslaved people treated? (Punishments)

A

Punishment:

  • whipped
  • tied to posts and flogged
  • threatened with guns
27
Q

During the slave trade how were enslaved people treated? (Conditions)

A

Conditions:

  • crowed ships
  • unsanitary
  • not enough food
  • bad smells (couldn’t breathe)
  • too hot
  • people chained
28
Q

During the slave trade how were enslaved people treated? (physiological impacts)

A

Psychological impacts:

  • separated from families (depressed)
  • many of the slaves committed suicide
  • some jumped off the boats
  • chained to a post naked (embarrassed)
29
Q

During the slave trade how were enslaved people treated? (Attitudes towards enslaved people)

A

Attitudes towards enslaved people:

  • treated like objects
  • weren’t given opinions
  • treated as lower class
30
Q

What was the East India Company?

A

The east India company was an English, and later British, joint stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region.

31
Q

What were the key causes of the Indian rebellion?

A
  • The EIC neglected the Indian public
  • Different religious views, EIC tried to tag Indians chritian
  • The British had their focus from trading to controlling India
  • Indian were forced to wear European clothing, no traditional clothing
  • The British thought that they were superior than the Indians; didn’t respect the culture
  • British officers didn’t respect Indian Army soldiers; degraded them
32
Q

Why did Britain industrialise first?

A
  • Population growth
  • Transport improvements
  • British Empire and trade
  • New ideas and adventure
  • Growth in agriculture
33
Q

What are some features of the living conditions in the 19th century?(5)

A
  • Back to back house
  • More pollution
  • Steam trains evolved
  • No privacy
  • Identical housing
  • Cheap areas
  • Advanced in steam power
  • Crowded areas
  • More factories
  • Many more job opportunities
  • Fields and farming land

Revision 2024 (9 decks)

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