Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Revision 2024 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main types of joints?

A

-hinge joint
-ball and socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the composition of inhaled air?

A

O2 - 21%
Co2 - 0.03%
N - 79%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the composition of exhaled air?

A

O2 - 16%
Co2 - 4%
N - 79%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does blood contains?

A

Plasma, platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does plasma contain?

A

Water, salt, enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do antagonist muscles work?

A

They work in pairs. When on muscles contracts the other one relaxes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the typical age range of puberty?

A

Girls - 8 to 13

Boys - 9 to 14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the thicken of the uterus lining at each stage of the menstrual cycle?

A

Days 4 - 14 the lining of the uterus builds up

Day 14 the egg is released from the ovary

Day 15 - 25 the lining of the uterus is very thick and full of blood. The egg is travelling down the oviduct waiting to be fertilised.

Day 25 - 28 the lining is maintained

Day 28 - 4 the thick lining of the uterus breaks down and blood flows out (menstruation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is each type of twin produced?

A

Indentical - 1 egg and 1 sperm, but the fertilised egg is split into two parts

Non-identical - 2 egg and 2 sperm, both released at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the difference between breathing and respiration?

A

Breathing is a physical process, whereas respiring is a chemical process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When you breathe how does pressure and volume change?

A

Breathing In: Diaphragm contracts, moving down. Intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribs up and out. These both make the chest volume bigger. This thing causes the pressure in the lungs to reduce. Drawn into the lungs, moving from high-pressure to low pressure.

Breathing Out: Ribs move down and in. Diaphragm moves up to become dome shaped. This makes the chest smaller in volume and increases the pressure in the lungs so air is forced out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Bell Jar Module?

A

When you breathe in through the tube, the balloon lungs will inflate causing the rubber sheet (which acts as a diaphragm) to contract downwards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the word equation for Resperation?

A

Glucose + oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide and Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some adaptations of red blood cells?

A
  • biconcave shape to give a large surface area to volume ratio for absorbing oxygen
  • no nucleus so they can carry more oxygen
  • red pigment called haemoglobin which combines with oxygen to become oxyhaemoglobin.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function white blood cells?

A

-help stop infection
-regulation of the inflammatory reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

-help in the clotting of blood

17
Q

What is the equation that links cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate?

A

Cardiac output = stroke volume X heart rate

18
Q

Why does heart rate increase during exercise?

A

During exercise, your heart rate will increase because your muscles are contracting which uses a lot of energy so you become in oxygen debt, since you’re working your muscle so hard. This causes anaerobic respiration to start to occur as you’re lacking oxygen in your blood .

19
Q

What are the four functions of the skeleton?

A

Protection, shape, movement and blood cell production

20
Q

What are the main bones in the human skeleton?

A

Skull
Sternum
Rib Cage
Spine
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Patella
Radius
Ulna
Humerus

21
Q

What are some major muscles in the body?

A

Biceps
Triceps
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Calf muscles

22
Q

How many types of reproduction are there?

A

Sexual (2 Parents)
Asexual (1 parent)

23
Q

What is a zygote?

A

The first cell (fertilised cell)

24
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

When the nuclei of the sex cells fuse

25
Q

What is puberty?

A

A physical and emotional change that takes place during adolescence (in both boys and girls)

26
Q

What hormones cause these changes?

A

Oestrogen - from the ovaries
Testosterone- from the testes

27
Q

What is a secondary characteristic for boys and girls?

A

Boys - growth spurt, hair stars to grow on body (pubic hair), voice deepens, testes start to make sperm and hormones, shoulders broaden, sexual organs get bigger.

Girls- growth spurt, hair starts to grow on body (pubic hair), breasts grow, ovaries start to release eggs and make hormones, hips widen, period starts.

28
Q

What is ovulation?

A

It is when a egg feel is realised form the ovaries (in happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle)

29
Q

What is the journey of a sperm cell from the testes to the oviduct during sexual intercourse?

A

The sperms cell is released form the testes and travels down the urethra, then enters the vagina, oases the cervix and then travels up to the oviduct, where there is an egg cell, waiting to be fertilised

30
Q

What are the different types of twins?

A

Identical and Non-Identical

31
Q

What happens to a zygote once it is fertilised?

A

It divides and forms an embryo, and as it continues to grow the cells start to become specialised, with arms and legs visible, it’s is called a fetus.

32
Q

What is the placenta?

A

The placenta is a small organ that separates the baby and mother,however is lets glucose, oxygen and antibodies from the mother, transfer to the baby, and urea and carbon from the bay transfer to the mother. This just why you should not smoke or drink alcohol as it passes through to the baby.

33
Q

What are the main stages of birth?

A
  1. The Cervix dilates wide enough to allow the baby’s head to emerge (10cm)
  2. The muscles in the wall of the uterus contract to push the bay out (labour)
  3. Finally the placenta is pushed out, which is called afterbirth.
34
Q

Is there variation between all species?

A

Yes

35
Q

What causes variation?

A

The environment we live in and our genes

36
Q

Is variation discrete if continuous?

A

Both

37
Q

Monogenic traits are…

A

Usually discrete, and displayed using a bar chart

38
Q

Polygenic traits are…

A

Usually continuous and displayed using a histogram

Revision 2024 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions