History Flashcards
How did Abraham Lincoln describe Democracy?
Government of the people, by the people, for the people
What does Democracy protect and help?
Protects freedom.
limits the power held by a government.
Protects minorities.
Encourages public participation.
What is the political ideology that opposes democracy?
A dictatorship.
What are some key features of a dictatorship?
- A dictatorship ultimately leaves the power with one person - the Dictator
- ‘Police state’
What is Communism?
An extreme, socialist Ideology where all property is owned by the state.
what are some key features of Communism?
- Classless society
- rejects ownership of private land.
- Means of production (wealth creation) is in the hands of everyone (the collective) not with individuals.
Who was a key thinker behind Communism?
Karl Marx
Name the first Communist state?
Soviet Russia/USSR
How did the communists in Russia refer to middle and upper class?
bourgeoisie
What were the lower class called in Soviet Russia?
proletariat
In what did year Lenin seize power of Russia?
1917
Who was the first Leader to encourage and spread Fascism?
Benito Mussolini
summarise the core belief of anti-rationalism?
humans should act upon their will rather than there rational mind.
name the idea that is imbedded with Fascism.
Natural Selection
Describe Fascist leadership.
Strong authority and charismatic leaders
Generally, were fascist regimes capitalist or communist?
Capitalist
How would you describe nationalism in fascist countries?
Ultra nationalist
What does Nazi stand for?
National Socialist German Workers Party
Nazism is a type of _____?
Fascism
Nazis had a hatred towards Jews what is this belief called?
Anti-Semitism.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The Treaty of Versailles was the primary treaty produced by the Paris Peace Conference at the end of World War I. The Treaty was imposed so that Germany’s power could be contained.
When was the Treaty of Versailles signed? And when did it take effect?
June 28, 1919 and went into effect on January 10, 1920.
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Use the term LAMB to help you.
- Land - Germany had to give bits of land.
- Army - 100,000 soldiers, 6 battleships were all that was left of the German enemy.
- Money - Germany had to pay 6.6bn in reparations
- Blame - In the treaty it stated that Germany accepts responsibility for the war.
Why were the Germans angry in the early in the early 1920s?
- The Treaty of Versailles
- Government incompetence
- 1923 hyper-inflation
- Occupation of the Ruhr
How and when did Hitler first try take over?
In 1923, Hitler tried to take over Germany violently by a protest in Munich. He failed and got sent to prison.
What did Hitler do in prison?
In prison, Hitler wrote a book called ‘Mein Kampf’ This was his Autobiography.
What are the beliefs of the Nazis?
- Nationalism
- Imperialism
- dictatorship
- anti-sematic
How were the Jews persecuted in Nazi Germany?
- Nuremberg laws
- Having to wear the Star of David
- boycotts of Jewish businesses
- Propaganda
What was Kristallnacht?
Around 1938, a German man at the German embassy in Paris was killed by an enraged Jew. This caused the first open-planned violence against the Jews. Houses, shops and property were pillaged.
Why were the Jews persecuted under the Nazi’s?
- seen as Scapegoats for Germany’s loss of WW1 and ‘the Great Depression’
- they were also a the bottom of the Nazi’s racial hierarchy ‘sub-human’
what was the purpose of the Ghettos?
- To show Jews as ‘racially inferior’
- Makes the Jews helpless and vulnerable
- segregation from the ‘aryans’
- Makes the Jews easier to control
What was life in the Ghetto like?
- Little Food
- overcrowded - average of 9 to a room.
- People having to do forced labour
- Plagued with beggars
What race is at the top of the Nazi racial hierarchy.
Aryans
In what year did Hitler become chancellor of Germany ?
1933
What were Hitler’s personal aims?
- To unite all German-speaking people.
- To achieve ‘Lebensraum’, which was more living space for the German people.
- To destroy the Treaty of Versailles
When was the first concentration camp opened?
The first concentration camp was opened in Germany at Dachau in 1933.
Who were the SS?
The Schutzstaffel, an organisation led by Heinrich Himmler that was originally set up to be Hitler’s personal bodyguard service. Its members later set up concentration camps, and were specifically given the responsibility for murdering Jewish people.
What was the name of the conference where senior Nazis set out how they would implement their plan to commit mass murder?
The Wannsee Conference
Approximately, how many Jews were killed during the holocaust?
6 million
In 1935, how many Jews lived in Poland
3.5 million
From what time period did the Holocaust last?
1939-1945
Name three social impacts of the industrial revolution
- Migration to more urban regions
- More housing
- less jobs in factories due to machines being developed.
What year did the Boston Tea Party take place?
16 December 1773
What idea is being described here:
‘Used to describe being forced by a government to pay a tax without having a say—such as through an elected representative—in the actions of that government.’
‘Taxation without representation’
When and where, did the first violence break out between the British troops and the American colonists?
- Lexington, April 1775
What were the four core principles of American after the independence?
1) A constitution
2) A Bill of Rights
3) A federal system
4) The three branches of power
What are the three branches of power?
- legislative } Congress - senate and house of representatives
- Executive } Presidency - president and vice-president
- Judicial } Supreme court
Why did Abraham Lincoln’s election indirectly cause the American Civil War?
The southern states did not like that the north elected Abraham Lincoln as he was a clear about being anti-slavery. The southern states are mostly slave states this was why they didn’t like this and they formed under the new name ‘The Confederacy’. The conflict then broke out.
What was the purpose of ‘The Emancipation Proclamation’?
To free all the slaves, with the hopes that they will rebel against their masters. Helping the northern states win the civil war.
In what year did Abraham Lincoln pass ‘The Emancipation Proclamation’?
1863
