Chemistry Flashcards
what is an element?
a substance that cannot be broken down to anything simpler
What is a molecule?
Two or more types of atoms, chemically bonded together.
what is a compound?
Two or more different atoms chemically bonded together
what is a mixture?
contains one or more substance
why does fizzing take place during a chemical reaction?
Fizzing takes place because of a release of Hydrogen
When the name of a compound ends in -IDE, how many elements are present?
2
When would a compound end in -ATE?
If the compound has three elements, one of them being oxygen
what is the product of base + acid reaction?
Acid + Base - Water + Salt
what is conservation of mass?
conservation of mass is the need to have a equal number of atoms on both sides of a chemical word equation. The idea that mass cannot be gained or lost.
what is the composition of air?
nitrogen - 78%
oxygen - 21%
other gases - 1%
what is oxidation?
oxidation is the process of oxygen being added to metal. Creating an oxide.
what type of solution is formed when a metal oxide is dissolved in water?
A basic solution is formed.
what type of solution is formed when a non-metal is dissolved in water?
An acidic solution is formed.
If a metal oxide doesn’t dissolve how does it affect the PH.
It does not do anything to the solution
name three signs of chemical reactions.
Fizzing - gas being released
Colour change - appearing change
temperature change
what will always be formed in a chemical reaction?
A new product will always be formed in a chemical reaction.
what happens in a endothermic reaction?
in a endothermic reaction heat is released into the environment.
what reaction is happening when the surroundings gets cooler?
An exothermic reaction is happening
what is the definition of concentrate?
the amount of particles you have in a given volume.
how do you test for CO2?
bubble a gas through limewater, the limewater will go cloudy if CO2 is present.
Describe the reactivity of group 1?
- The lower down the group the more reactive the elements become.
- The further down the group you go the further away the shells are from the nucleus
- this makes the atom more stable.
Describe the reactivity of group 7?
- The reactivity decreases the further down the group you go
- This is because the halogens are non-metals meaning they want to gain electrons to complete their outer shell.
What happens in a oxidation reaction?
When an oxidation reaction takes place oxygen has been added to a metal, creating a metal oxide
Metal + Acid - ?
Salt + Hydrogen
What happens when you react a metal and water?
Metal + Water - metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Why can Iron not be extracted by carbon?
Because carbon displaces the iron.
What process can we use to extract a substance from carbon?
Electrolysis
What conditions does something need to rust?
Exposure to water and oxygen
What is the Thermitt reaction?
Aluminium + Iron oxide - iron + aluminium
What is a metalloid?
A substance that displays properties of non-metals and metals
How does the number of the group relate to the atomic structure of a particular element?
The group number tells us the amount of electrons/protons on the outer shell.
Name the three sub-atomic particles?
- Protons
- Electrons
- Neutrons
State the charge of a Proton?
charge: +1
mass: 1
State the charge of a Electrons?
charge: -1
mass: 1/2000
State the charge and mass of a Neutron?
charge: 0
mass: 1
What types of particles are contained in the nucleus?
Protons and Neutrons
What is an Isotope?
Isotopes are elements with the same atomic number but different mass number.
How does the period number relate to the atomic structure of a particular element?
The period of the element tells us how many shells an element has.
Do metals lose or gain electrons to fill their shells ?
Metals lose electrons to gain full shells
Do non-metals lose or gain electrons to fill their shells?
Non-metals lose electrons to gain full shells.
Do non-metals lose or gain electrons to fill their shells?
Non-metals gain electrons to gain full shells.
what is the name of group 7?
The halogens
What is a halide ion?
A halide ion is a compound with a group 7 element.
What is an Ion?
An Ion is a charged atom E.G Na+ or Cl-
Name three characteristics of The Noble Gases (Group 0/8)?
- They are inert
- They are gases
- They are monatomic
what is the name of group 1?
The Alkaline metals.
What is combustion?
Combustion is a rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, involving the production of heat and light. Combustion is also known as burning.
What is produced form a precipitation reaction?
A precipitate (an insoluble solid)
What is this reaction called: base + acid -> salt + water ?
A neutralisation reaction
Define corrosion
Corrosion is when a metal is gradually destroyed by reacting with substances in the environment.
Define rusting
Rusting is the corrosion of iron.
Name a catalyst of rust?
Salt
