Biology

Question 1

What 3 unique structures are found in a plant cell?

Answer 1

• Chloroplast
• Cell Wall
• Large Permanent Vacuole

Question 2

Name examples of a eukaryotic cells.

Answer 2

• Animal cell

- Plant cell

Question 3

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 3

A cell that lacks a nucleus and other organelles. It has a DNA strand as opposed to nucleus.

Question 4

What is a specialised cell? Give 3 examples.

Answer 4

A cell with unique characteristics which allows it to carry out a particular function.

• Red Blood Cell
• Sperm cells
• White Blood cells
• etc.

Question 5

What is magnification in a microscope?

Answer 5

The ratio between image size and actual size

Question 6

Name the two types of microscopes.

Answer 6

• Light microscope

- Electron microscope

Question 7

What is the formula involving magnification, actual size, image size?

Answer 7

Image size = actual size * magnification (or a variation)

Question 8

What process do cells undergo to be specialised?

Answer 8

Differentiation

Question 9

What is the definition of a stem cell?

Answer 9

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate to form many different type of cells

Question 10

Name the three types of stem cells.

Answer 10

• Embryonic stem cells
• Adult stem cells
• Plant (meristem) stem cells

Question 11

Order organ, cell and tissue by size smallest to largest

Answer 11

Cell -> tissue -> organ

Question 12

Which organelle are chromosomes found in?

Answer 12

Nucleus

Question 13

How many chromosomes are found in the cell

Answer 13

23 pairs, 46 in total

Question 14

What molecule makes up chromosomes?

Answer 14

DNA

Question 15

What is the purpose of a gene?

Answer 15

A gene is a section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein (protein synthesis)

Question 16

Mitosis is how cells divide. State 3 purposes of mitosis

Answer 16

• Growth
• Tissue repair
• Asexual reproduction

Question 17

What is the cell cycle? Very briefly explain the stages.

Answer 17

Stage 1: Cell grows
Stage 2: Mitosis
Stage 3: Cytoplasm replicates and new cells created

Question 18

What stage in its life can a plant cell differentiate?

Answer 18

At any point

Question 19

What is diffusion?

Answer 19

Particles that move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 20

How can we increase the rate of diffusion? 3 answers required.

Answer 20

• Temperature
• Surface Area
• Concentration Gradient

Question 21

What is osmosis?

Answer 21

Osmosis is the movement of only water particles from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution, across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 22

What is meant by dilute?

Answer 22

Made of mostly water particles

Question 23

What words can you use to replace “dilute” and “concentrated” in the osmosis definition?

Answer 23

Hypotonic and hypertonic (it is also good to know isotonic!)

Question 24

What is active transport?

Answer 24

Active transport is when particles move against the concentration gradient (low to high). This requires energy.

Question 25

What is resolution in microscopes?

Answer 25

The ability to see two objects as separate.

Question 26

Why is DNA replication important in the cell cycle?

Answer 26

So that when the cell divides, each daughter cell contains the correct number of chromosomes.

Question 27

What is replicated during the growth phase of the cell cycle?

Answer 27

Ribosome and Mitochondria

Question 28

Genetically, how do daughter cells compare to parent cells?

Answer 28

Exact same genetic material

Question 29

How to calculate percentage change?

Answer 29

% change = original-new/new x 100

Question 30

Name 2 disadvantages and an advantage with light microscopes.

Answer 30

Compared to electron microscope:

• Lower resolution
• Lower magnification
• More portable

Question 31

Why do we need stem cells in our body?

Answer 31

To constantly provide repair and growth for human cells regularly