Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Social Science > Historical Schools of Thought > Flashcards

Historical Schools of Thought Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

analyze the adult mind;
sum total of experience from birth to present

A

Structuralism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

who developed Structuralism?

A

Wilhelm Wundt and Edward B. Titchener

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior;
ability of the mind to do something to adapt to the environment.

A

Functionalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

who developed Functionalism?

A

William James

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

foundation for the modern study of perception;
the whole of anything is greater than its parts;
the attributes of the whole are not deducible from analysis of the parts in isolation.

A

Gestalt Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the types of Gestalt Psychology?

A

Pragnanz
Similarity
Proximity
Closure
Continuity
Common region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

we naturally group similar items together based on elements.

A

Similarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

we perceive elements arranged on a line or curve as related to each other.

A

Continuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

we group objects together if they’re located in the same bounded area.

A

Common region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

we naturally perceive things in their simplest form.

A

Pragnanz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

elements that form a closed object will be perceived as a group.

A

Closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

suggests that all behavior can be explained by environmental causes than internal forces;
focuses on observable behavior

A

Behaviorism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the types of Behaviorism?

A

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social Learning Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

who developed classical conditioning?

A

Ivan Pavlov

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

who developed operant conditioning?

A

B.F. Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

who developed Social Learning Theory?

A

Albert Bandura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

type of conditioned learning where reinforcements and punishments are given to strengthen and weaken a behavior.

A

Operant conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

type of conditioned learning which happens as an instinctive response to a given stimulus or increasing regularity.

A

Classical conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

event that increases a behavior;
makes a behavior be repeated most likely in the future.

A

Reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

event that decreases a behavior;
makes a behavior be repeated less likely in the future.

A

Punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

removal of an favorable event or outcome.

A

Negative punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

removal of unpleasant event or outcome.

A

Negative reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

adding of unfavorable event or outcome.

A

Positive punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

adding of pleasant or favorable event or outcome.

A

Positive reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

examples: giving praises, rewards

A

Positive reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

examples: grounded, confiscation of gadgets

A

Negative punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

examples: reduction of chores

A

Negative reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

example: corporal punishment

A

Positive punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

emphasizes the importance of observing, modelling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others;
behavior is learned from the environment thru observational learning.

A

Social Learning Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

branch of Psychology that studies how the human brain works (thinks, remembers, learns, stores, perceive, acquire, process information).

A

Cognitive Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

who developed the 4 stages of mental development?

A

Jean Piaget

32
Q

what are the 4 stages of mental development

A

Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage

33
Q

refers to the study of how children acquire knowledge and the nature of intelligence.

A

4 stages of mental development by Jean Piaget

34
Q

give the ages that corresponds to each of the 4 stages of development.

A

Sensorimotor - birth to 2
Preoperational - 2 to 7
Concrete operational - 7 to 11
Formal operational - 12 above

35
Q

refers to when infants acquire knowledge thru sensory experiences and by manipulating objects.

A

Sensorimotor

36
Q

refers to when children think symbolically;
become egocentric;
uses words and pictures to represent objects.

A

Preoperational

37
Q

refers to when children become organized, logical, and inductive;
get pieces of information to form a general principle.

A

Concrete operational

38
Q

refers to when children have abstract thoughts;
become deductive;
use general information to arrive at a specific information.

A

Formal operational

39
Q

who developed the Moral Stages of Development?

A

Kohlberg

40
Q

refers to the study of the thinking process and how one makes a decision if a behavior is right or wrong;
not about what decision one makes but how he makes it.

A

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

41
Q

what are the stages of Moral Development?

A

Preconventional Level
Conventional Level
Post conventional or Principled Level

42
Q

what are the stages under conventional level?

A

Good boy/Nice girl orientation
Law and Order orientation

43
Q

what are the stages under principled level?

A

Social contract orientation
Universal ethical principle orientation

44
Q

what are the stages of preconventional level?

A

Punishment/Obedience orientation
Instrumental purpose orientation

45
Q

you do something because you want to avoid punishment.

A

Preconventional level

46
Q

you do something so you could be perceived as a good person.

A

Conventional level

47
Q

you follow the rules because you believe they are a social contract.

A

Post conventional level

48
Q

who proposed Psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freud

49
Q

what are the 3 levels of consciousness?

A

Conscious
Preconscious
Subconscious

50
Q

what are the 3 elements of the human mind?

A

Id
Ego
Superego

51
Q

consists of primal urges;
pleasure principle;
unconscious;
immediate gratification

A

Id

52
Q

holds all of the ideals and values;
morality principle;
counterbalance to Id and Ego

A

Superego

53
Q

charged with dealing with reality;
reality principle;
conscious;
finds balance b/w Id and Superego

A

Ego

54
Q

states that personality develops thru a series of childhood stages in which the pleasure-seeking energies of the Id become focused on certain erogenous areas.

A

Psychosexual Stages of Development

55
Q

area of the body that is sensitive to stimulation.

A

Erogenous zone

56
Q

what are the Psychosexual Stages of Development?

A

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latent
Genital

57
Q

give the ages with the corresponding stages of Psychosexual Stages of Development.

A

Oral - birth to 1
Anal - 1 to 3
Phallic - 3 to 6
Latent - 6 to puberty
Genital - puberty to death

58
Q

any of a group of mental processes that enables the mind to compromise solutions to conflicts that is unable to resolve.

A

Defense mechanisms

59
Q

what are the types of defense mechanisms?

A

Repression
Regression
Reaction Formation
Projection
Sublimation
Denial
Rationalization
Displacement

60
Q

type of defense mechanism where you return to earlier stages of development.

A

Regression

61
Q

type of defense mechanism where you withdraw from consciousness of an unwanted idea and tries to repress or push it down.

A

Repression

62
Q

type of defense mechanism where you consciously refuses to perceive that there are painful acts.

A

Denial

63
Q

type of defense mechanism where you distort facts to make an event less threatening.

A

Rationalization

64
Q

type of defense mechanism where you behave in opposite to what you really feel.

A

Reaction Formation

65
Q

type of defense mechanism where the unwanted feelings are displaced into another person.

A

Projection

66
Q

type of defense mechanism where you redirect an impulse to a powerless target.

A

Displacement

67
Q

type of defense mechanism where you divert instinctual drives into noninstinctual ones.

A

Sublimation

68
Q

psychological service provided by a trained professional to assess, diagnose, and treat dysfunctional emotional reactions.

A

Psychotherapy

69
Q

what are the types of Psychotherapy?

A

Transference
Countertransference

70
Q

type of psychotherapy characterized by patient’s projection towards the analyst.

A

Transference

71
Q

type of psychotherapy characterized by the therapist’s conscious or unconscious reaction to the patient.

A

Countetransference

72
Q

school of thought that is concerned with the fullest growth of an individual.

A

Humanism

73
Q

illustrates an individual’s drive in order of decreasing priority and increasing sophistication;
when primitive needs are met, individual can progress to higher levels in the hierarchy.

A

Hierarchy of Needs - Abraham Maslow

74
Q

individuals perceive the world based on their own experiences.

A

Personal Construct Theory - George Kelly

75
Q

person strives for self actualization, self maintenance, and self enhancement

A

Self-Centered Theory - Carl Rogers

Social Science (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions