Concepts Flashcards
guiding principles of human civilization that are central to human identity that can be found, in some form, in all societies, both past and present, around the world.
Cultural Universal/s
2/more different forms of behaviors which co-exist and are socially acceptable in a given context.
Cultural Alternative/s
give the types of intracultural processes.
Socialization
Enculturation
Subculture
Gemeinschaft
Gesellschaft
process of deliberately shaping, by tutelage, of the individual for the development of behavioral similarities w/in a culture.
Socialization
encompassing or surrounding of the individual by one’s culture.
Enculturation
individual acquires what the culture deems to be necessary thru immersion.
Enculturation
ethnic, regional, economic, or social groups exhibiting characteristic patterns of behavior sufficient to distinguish them from the larger society to which they belong to.
Subculture
who conceived Gemeinschaft
Ferdinand Tonnies - German sociologist
what is the other term for Gemeinschaft
Communal society
associated w/ rural societies that typify relationships that are defines and regulated on the basis of traditional social rules.
Gemeinschaft
typified by modern, cosmopolitan societies
Gesellschaft
weaken traditional bonds of family, kinship, and religion
Gesellschaft
human relationships are more impersonal and indirect
Gesellschaft
give the types of cross cultural processes
Acculturation
Cultural relativism
Ethnocentrism
Xenocentrism
Stereotype
Assimilation
Prejudice
Discrimination
Social Change
Social problem
type of intracultural process where it is not necessarily deviant but co-exist w/in a culture.
Subculture
example: passing of values, heritage
Socialization
change in artifacts, beliefs, and customs due to contact of 2/more cultures.
Acculturation
adapting the trait of a dominant culture making one socially indistinguishable
Assimilation
you accept, tolerate, and respect the differences and that there are other cultures that exist.
Cultural relativism
you believe that your culture is superior from others.
Ethnocentrism
you believe that your culture is inferior from others.
Xenocentrism
examples: migration to another country
Xenocentrism
positive or negative belief that an indiv holds about the characteristics of social groups.
Stereotype
unjustifiable negative behavior toward an outgroup
Discrimination
unjustifiable negative attitude toward an outgroup
Prejudice
alteration of mechanisms w/in social structure
Social change
changes in cultural symbols, rules of behavior, social organizations, or value system
Social change
social conditions that disrupts or damage society.
Social problem
TRUE or FALSE
Social problem can be a god thing too.
TRUE
examples: racism, failing educational system, famine, crimes
Social problem
