historical perspectives Flashcards
many people were being admitted to the asylum with a:
“general paralysis of the insane” characterized by dimensional, grandiose delusions and a wobbly gair
syphilis was reaching epidemic and 2 physicians ______ and ____, hypothesized what?
Krafft-ebing and hirschl, hypothesized that the rise of the paralysis of insane” may be related to syphilis
knowing that you could only be infected with syphilis once, what would they do to patients?
they would inject patients with pus taken from the sores of people with active syphilis
it was concluded that none of their test subjects developed symptoms of syphilis and the general paralysis of insane arose from:
previous infection of syphilis
this syphlis case was:
very first evidence for a biological cause of mental illness
European psychiatrists began describing disorders of unknown causes typically affecting:
the young and often progressing to chronic deterioration
many different names of schizophrenia were:
adolescent insanity, catatonic syndrome, hebephrenia
emil kraeplin believed that dementia was primarily cause of diseases in brain true or false
true
who was the first to coin the term schizophrenia?
eugen bleuler
the word schizophrenia was not meant to what?
convey the idea of split or multiple personalist but that remains a common misunderstanding
bleuler argued that the name dementia praecox was misleading because:
it did not always emerge in early life and was not always associated with the deterioration typically observed in dementia
bueler noted that schizophrenia should be spoken of in:
the plural
bluelar was the first to describe the symptoms as positive or negative true or false
true
blueler introduced a fundamental distinction between:
basic (obligatory) and accessory (supplementary)
basic symptoms:
delusions and hallucinations (positive)
accessory symptoms:
thought and speech derailment, ambivalence, incongruence and withdrawal from reality
kurt Schneider claimed that certain symptoms had:
a decisive weight in determining whether someone had a diagnosis of schizophrenia
first rank symptoms:
Schneiders symptoms which claimed that certain symptoms had a weight in determining whether someone had a diagnosis of schizophrenia
first rank symptoms were: (6)
- auditory hallucinations
- thought withdrawal, insertion and interruption
- thought broadcasting
- somatic hallucinations
- delusional perception
- feelings or actions experiences and influenced by external agents
thought withdrawal, insertion and interruption example:
my thoughts are one except when Michael stops them”
thought broadcasting example:
my thoughts filter out of my head and everyone can pick them up if they walk past
the use of first rank symptoms to diagnose schizophrenia will:
incorrectly diagnose between 5 and 19 people in every 100 who do not have schizophrenia
the major contribution of Karl jaspers was his proposal of a:
flexible psychiatric taxonomy
Karl jaspers was less interested in the content of psychotic symptoms and more interested in the:
experience of them
Karl jaspers did not agree with the idea that patients should be:
divided into categories based on the qualities of symptoms they were experiencing
Karl jaspers argued that the form of the symptom was:
more important than the content of symptom when making a diagnosis such as specific auditory hallucinations
what is a our current diagnostic system that Karl jaspers basically invented?
descriptive psychopathology
descriptive psychopathology relies exclusively on:
the info communicated by the patient and on what is directly observed by the examiner
schizophrenia appeared in the ancestry of only ___ percent of these patients but schizodia appeared in another ___ percent
10; 25
the advent of chlorpromazine (thorazine) represented:
the first real breakthrough in understanding the biology of schizophrenia since syphilis
chlorpromazine was developed to:
induce Anastasia for use during surgery but Henri laborite recognized its ability to produce disinterest without loss of consciousness
chlorpromazine changes the way:
dopamine works in your brain
dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia:
dysfunction in brains dopamine system was the cause underlying the symptoms of schizophrenia
who created the biological subtypes of schizophrenia and what are they?
time crow; type 1 syndrome and type 2 syndrome
type 1 syndrome:
the positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations
type 2 syndrome:
negative symptoms such as poverty of speech, loss of drive
a critical distinction that attracted a great deal of attention was the:
difference in hypothesized brain based differences
neurodevelopment hypothesis:
schizophrenia is the behavioral outcome of an aberration in developmental processes is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors
neurodegenerative hypotheis:
schizophrenia results from the progressive deterioration of brain structure and function
now we are not as far removed from historical perspectives as we might hope true or false
true
research domain criteria:
integrates levels of info from genomes and circuits of behavior to explore dimensions of functioning that span full range of human behavior
the goal of research domain criteria is to:
understand the nature of mental illness in terms of varying degrees of dysfunction in general psychological/biologicial symptoms
positive valence systems:
priorly responsible for responses to positive motivational situations or contexts such as reward seeking, consummatory behavior, and reward/habit learning
which domain is the most studied and how come?
positive valence domain because it can push to better understand negative symptoms
