Cognition Flashcards
evidence for pre morbid deficits:
retrospective case control studies and population based studies
almost all studies have found a ____ in people with schizphrenia
generalized deficit
facts about the studies: (3)
- they are observed in IQ
- affect nearly all cognitive domains
- effect does not seem to be driven by subgroup of people with sz- evenly distributed across range of ability in population
cognitive deficits could be:
direct, causal risk factors for schizophrenia
the deficits could be associated with factors that are involved in:
the etiology of schizophrenia but not causal themselves
deficits could be early:
symptoms of the disorder itself, which predate the onset of psychotic symptoms
study. of patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis is better or worse for examining brain/cognition and why?
better because they are less subject to confusion/confounds
verbal learning:
ability to acquire, store, and retrieve verbal info for more than a few minutes
verbal learning activities of daily living:
remembering info from read program, class, vocational setting, clinic visit
working memory:
ability to hold info “on line” in a temporary store or to manipulate the info
working memory activities of daily living:
carrying on a social convo, switching between different tasks
working memory example test:
letter number span
attention/ vigilance definition:
ability to respond to targets, not respond to non-targets, over a period of time
attention/vigilance actives of daily living:
identifying relevant info in a social interaction; discussion with a doctor
attention/vigilance example test:
continuous performance test, press when you see same number twice in a. row
functional outcome includes:
work outcome, social outcome, independent living and skills acquisition
magnitude of associations with functional outcome:
medium for specific domains, large for overall scores
relationships between cognitive deficits and functional outcome is stronger than relation between psychotic symptoms and functional outcome true or false
true
NIMH-MATRICS consensus cognitive battery: (7)
- speed of processing
- attention/vigilance
- working memory
- verbal memory
- visual memory
- reasoning and problem solving
- social cognition
4 core domains of social processing:
- emotion processing
- theory of mind
- attributional bias/style
- social perception
emotion processing:
perception and use of emotion
theory of mind: (or mentalizing)
ability to represent the mental states of others, including the inference of intentions, dispositions, and beliefs
attributional bias:
the way in which individuals explain the causes or make sense of social events or interactions
social perception:
the decoding and interpretation of social cues in others
process of social cognitive processes in schizophrenia:
social cue perception -> mentalizing -> experience and regulation of emotion -> experience sharing
which type of faces do schizophrenics have deficits in perception of?
emotion (affective) faces
the ability to perceive emotion in ____ is ____ in SZ
speech; impaired
affective prosody:
emotional quality of speech
first order of theory of mind:
the ability to predict the thoughts of another person
second order of theory of mind is:
understanding what a third person would think about the second person’s thoughts
mirror neuron system is thought to be:
a collection of brain regions that are active when we do or experience something ourselves, but also when we observe someone else doing the same thing
mirror neuron system is a bit controversial but it has been argued that:
improving the function of this system could be a game changer in the treatment of schizophrenia
which system has also been implicated in deficits in social cognition?
limbic system
can dysfunction in cognitive processes lead to psychotic symptoms?
maybe
models that can prove dysfunction in cognitive processes lead to psychotic symptoms and their positive symptom: (3)
- auditory self-monitoring (hallucinations)
- social cognition/theory of mind (delusions)
- reward learning/ salience (delusions)
auditory self monitoring theory:
patients with SZ mis-attribute their own internal speech to external source
evidence of auditory self monitoring:
- hallucinators tend to mis attribute their own distorted voice to an external source
- hallucinators fail to activate temporal lobe regions involved in speech monitoring
social cognition theory:
reflect dysfunction in cognitive systems for social agent representation
social agent representation:
ability to create, use, and maintain internal representations of social actors for use in both implicit and explicit social cognitive function
social cognitive processes predict which kind of symptoms?
negative symptoms
