Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

evidence for pre morbid deficits:

A

retrospective case control studies and population based studies

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2
Q

almost all studies have found a ____ in people with schizphrenia

A

generalized deficit

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3
Q

facts about the studies: (3)

A
  1. they are observed in IQ
  2. affect nearly all cognitive domains
  3. effect does not seem to be driven by subgroup of people with sz- evenly distributed across range of ability in population
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4
Q

cognitive deficits could be:

A

direct, causal risk factors for schizophrenia

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5
Q

the deficits could be associated with factors that are involved in:

A

the etiology of schizophrenia but not causal themselves

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6
Q

deficits could be early:

A

symptoms of the disorder itself, which predate the onset of psychotic symptoms

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7
Q

study. of patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis is better or worse for examining brain/cognition and why?

A

better because they are less subject to confusion/confounds

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8
Q

verbal learning:

A

ability to acquire, store, and retrieve verbal info for more than a few minutes

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9
Q

verbal learning activities of daily living:

A

remembering info from read program, class, vocational setting, clinic visit

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10
Q

working memory:

A

ability to hold info “on line” in a temporary store or to manipulate the info

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11
Q

working memory activities of daily living:

A

carrying on a social convo, switching between different tasks

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12
Q

working memory example test:

A

letter number span

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13
Q

attention/ vigilance definition:

A

ability to respond to targets, not respond to non-targets, over a period of time

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14
Q

attention/vigilance actives of daily living:

A

identifying relevant info in a social interaction; discussion with a doctor

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15
Q

attention/vigilance example test:

A

continuous performance test, press when you see same number twice in a. row

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16
Q

functional outcome includes:

A

work outcome, social outcome, independent living and skills acquisition

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17
Q

magnitude of associations with functional outcome:

A

medium for specific domains, large for overall scores

18
Q

relationships between cognitive deficits and functional outcome is stronger than relation between psychotic symptoms and functional outcome true or false

A

true

19
Q

NIMH-MATRICS consensus cognitive battery: (7)

A
  1. speed of processing
  2. attention/vigilance
  3. working memory
  4. verbal memory
  5. visual memory
  6. reasoning and problem solving
  7. social cognition
20
Q

4 core domains of social processing:

A
  1. emotion processing
  2. theory of mind
  3. attributional bias/style
  4. social perception
21
Q

emotion processing:

A

perception and use of emotion

22
Q

theory of mind: (or mentalizing)

A

ability to represent the mental states of others, including the inference of intentions, dispositions, and beliefs

23
Q

attributional bias:

A

the way in which individuals explain the causes or make sense of social events or interactions

24
Q

social perception:

A

the decoding and interpretation of social cues in others

25
Q

process of social cognitive processes in schizophrenia:

A

social cue perception -> mentalizing -> experience and regulation of emotion -> experience sharing

26
Q

which type of faces do schizophrenics have deficits in perception of?

A

emotion (affective) faces

27
Q

the ability to perceive emotion in ____ is ____ in SZ

A

speech; impaired

28
Q

affective prosody:

A

emotional quality of speech

29
Q

first order of theory of mind:

A

the ability to predict the thoughts of another person

30
Q

second order of theory of mind is:

A

understanding what a third person would think about the second person’s thoughts

31
Q

mirror neuron system is thought to be:

A

a collection of brain regions that are active when we do or experience something ourselves, but also when we observe someone else doing the same thing

32
Q

mirror neuron system is a bit controversial but it has been argued that:

A

improving the function of this system could be a game changer in the treatment of schizophrenia

33
Q

which system has also been implicated in deficits in social cognition?

A

limbic system

34
Q

can dysfunction in cognitive processes lead to psychotic symptoms?

A

maybe

35
Q

models that can prove dysfunction in cognitive processes lead to psychotic symptoms and their positive symptom: (3)

A
  1. auditory self-monitoring (hallucinations)
  2. social cognition/theory of mind (delusions)
  3. reward learning/ salience (delusions)
36
Q

auditory self monitoring theory:

A

patients with SZ mis-attribute their own internal speech to external source

37
Q

evidence of auditory self monitoring:

A
  1. hallucinators tend to mis attribute their own distorted voice to an external source
  2. hallucinators fail to activate temporal lobe regions involved in speech monitoring
38
Q

social cognition theory:

A

reflect dysfunction in cognitive systems for social agent representation

39
Q

social agent representation:

A

ability to create, use, and maintain internal representations of social actors for use in both implicit and explicit social cognitive function

40
Q

social cognitive processes predict which kind of symptoms?

A

negative symptoms