Histopathology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is histopathology?

A
  • combination of histology and pathology
  • also called as anatomic pathology
  • the art and science of producing a quality tissue section to enable the pathologist to diagnose the presence or absence of disease
  • autopsy and biopsy specimens
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2
Q

What is histology?

A

A branch of biology that deals with the microscopic anatomy of cells, tissues and organs in relation to their function. It is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy.

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3
Q

What is the role of Marie Francois Xavier Bichat?

A

Father of Histology

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4
Q

Who is the Father of Histology

A

Marie Francois Xavier Bichat

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5
Q

What is the role of Johannes Peter Muller is histopathology?

A

Father of histopathology and cellular pathology

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6
Q

Who is the father of histopathology and cellular pathology

A

Johannes Peter Muller

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7
Q

What is the role of Ferdinand Blum in histopathology

A

proposed the use of formaldehyde as a fixative.

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8
Q

Who proposed the use of formaldehyde as a fixative?

A

Ferdinand Blum

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9
Q

What is numbering/catalog?

A

recording the tissue specimen in a log book and assigning identification numbers to the received specimen.

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10
Q

What is Fixation?

A

Preserving the tissue specimen in as life-like manner as possible.

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11
Q

What is the routine fixative for fixation?

A

10% formalin

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12
Q

What is decalcification

A

removal of calcium from some tissues or organs

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13
Q

What is the routine decalcifying agent for decalcification?

A

nitric acid

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13
Q

What is the routine decalcifying agent for decalcification?

A

nitric acid

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14
Q

What is Dehydration?

A

removing water from the specimen by using increasing grades of ethyl alcohol

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15
Q

What is Clearing?

A

removing excess alcohol in tissues and makes tissues transparent

16
Q

What is the routine clearing agent for clearing?

A

Xylene

17
Q

What is Inflitration/Impregnation?

A

filling up tissue spaces or cavities with melted paraffin wax

18
Q

Embedding

A

Placing the infiltrated tissue inside a mold

19
Q

Trimming

A

Removing excess paraffin wax from the block until it assumes the shape of a truncated pyramid.

20
Q

Sectioning

A

Cutting of tissue block into thin slices (0.5-100 micrometer) called ribbons/sections using a microtome (commonly used: rotary microtome)

21
Q

What is Staining?

A

employs the use of hematoxylin and eosin dyes to differentiate the cells and the cell constituents

21
Q

What is Staining?

A

employs the use of hematoxylin and eosin dyes to differentiate the cells and the cell constituents

22
Q

What is Mounting?

A

Putting the cover slip on the stained tissues using a mounting medium.

23
Q

What is Labeling?

A

Specimen number is indicated on the glass slide.

24
Q

What is the Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy

A

Insertion of a hollow needle into the mass for sample collection.

25
Q

What is the purpose of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy?

A

To investigate superficial masses or lumps to detect any pathologic condition like malignancy.

26
Q

Papanicolaou Smear/Pap Smear

A

Screening for cervical cancer and any pre-cancerous changes in the cervix, detect STDs: trichomoniasis, candidiasis and human papillomavirus (HPV)

27
Q

What is Cell Block?

A

Paraffin-embedded specimen prepared from dried mucus, sputum and debris found in body fluids.

28
Q

What is Cytospin?

A

To concentrate cells on a slide in a uniform monolayer using a high-speed centrifuge.

29
Q

What is a Frozen Section?

A

Performed when an immediate or rapid microscopic analysis of specimen is need, Cryostat.

30
Q

What is a Breast Panel?

A

Biomarkers important in the genetic testing for breast cancer.

31
Q

What is Histochemistry?

A

Uses special stains to determine the chemical compounds and their distribution within and in between the biological cells of the body.

32
Q

What is Immunohistochemical Staining

A

Detecting antigens in the cells of tissue sections by using antibodies.

33
Q

What is a post-mortem examination/autopsy?

A

Thorough examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death, manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may have been present.