Histopathology Flashcards by Mat Villanueva

What is histopathology?

combination of histology and pathology
also called as anatomic pathology
the art and science of producing a quality tissue section to enable the pathologist to diagnose the presence or absence of disease
autopsy and biopsy specimens

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What is histology?

A branch of biology that deals with the microscopic anatomy of cells, tissues and organs in relation to their function. It is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy.

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What is the role of Marie Francois Xavier Bichat?

Father of Histology

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Who is the Father of Histology

Marie Francois Xavier Bichat

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What is the role of Johannes Peter Muller is histopathology?

Father of histopathology and cellular pathology

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Who is the father of histopathology and cellular pathology

Johannes Peter Muller

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What is the role of Ferdinand Blum in histopathology

proposed the use of formaldehyde as a fixative.

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Who proposed the use of formaldehyde as a fixative?

Ferdinand Blum

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What is numbering/catalog?

recording the tissue specimen in a log book and assigning identification numbers to the received specimen.

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What is Fixation?

Preserving the tissue specimen in as life-like manner as possible.

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What is the routine fixative for fixation?

10% formalin

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What is decalcification

removal of calcium from some tissues or organs

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What is the routine decalcifying agent for decalcification?

nitric acid

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What is the routine decalcifying agent for decalcification?

nitric acid

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What is Dehydration?

removing water from the specimen by using increasing grades of ethyl alcohol

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What is Clearing?

removing excess alcohol in tissues and makes tissues transparent

What is the routine clearing agent for clearing?

Xylene

What is Inflitration/Impregnation?

filling up tissue spaces or cavities with melted paraffin wax

Embedding

Placing the infiltrated tissue inside a mold

Trimming

Removing excess paraffin wax from the block until it assumes the shape of a truncated pyramid.

Sectioning

Cutting of tissue block into thin slices (0.5-100 micrometer) called ribbons/sections using a microtome (commonly used: rotary microtome)

What is Staining?

employs the use of hematoxylin and eosin dyes to differentiate the cells and the cell constituents

What is Staining?

employs the use of hematoxylin and eosin dyes to differentiate the cells and the cell constituents

What is Mounting?

Putting the cover slip on the stained tissues using a mounting medium.

What is Labeling?

Specimen number is indicated on the glass slide.

What is the Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Insertion of a hollow needle into the mass for sample collection.

What is the purpose of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy?

To investigate superficial masses or lumps to detect any pathologic condition like malignancy.

Papanicolaou Smear/Pap Smear

Screening for cervical cancer and any pre-cancerous changes in the cervix, detect STDs: trichomoniasis, candidiasis and human papillomavirus (HPV)

What is Cell Block?

Paraffin-embedded specimen prepared from dried mucus, sputum and debris found in body fluids.

What is Cytospin?

To concentrate cells on a slide in a uniform monolayer using a high-speed centrifuge.

What is a Frozen Section?

Performed when an immediate or rapid microscopic analysis of specimen is need, Cryostat.

What is a Breast Panel?

Biomarkers important in the genetic testing for breast cancer.

What is Histochemistry?

Uses special stains to determine the chemical compounds and their distribution within and in between the biological cells of the body.

What is Immunohistochemical Staining

Detecting antigens in the cells of tissue sections by using antibodies.

What is a post-mortem examination/autopsy?

Thorough examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death, manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may have been present.