HISTOPATH LEC - LESSON 1 (APPARATUS) Flashcards
Knives are GLASS, DIAMOND, or SAPHIRE
Ultrathin Microtome
Who invented Rocking microtome?
Caldwell Trefall
Non-contact sectioning
Laser Microtome
Microtome of any type
Cryostat
Invented by Queckett at 1848
Freezing microtome
Uses femtosecond laser technology to cut tissues
Laser microtome
Stable for cutting larger blocks
Rotary (Minot) microtome
Used for fresh, unfixed materials
Vibrating microtome
10 nanometers
Ultrathin microtome
Produces serial sections
Rotary (Minot) microtome
embedded in resins
Saw microtome
safety razor blade
Vibrating microtome
uses Vibrating frosted glass plate to sharpen knives
Automatic Knife Sharpener
slow in action
sledge microtome
frozen section
Freezing microtome
knife is moving
Freezing microtome
alternative to freezing microtome for rapid sectioning
Cryostat
Oldest microtome
Rocking microtome
enclosed and operated with deep freeze cabinet
Cryostat
Who invented Cryostat? in what year?
Linderstrom-Lang and Mogensen at 1938
rapid freezing or routine paraffin sections
Computerized microtome
Simplest microtome
Rocking microtome
section very large blocks of tissue
sledge microtome
uses diamond coated saw
Saw microtome
Celloidin-embedded sections
Sliding microtome
rotating speed of saw microtome
600 rpm
rigid botanical material
Hand microtome
5-100 microns
Laser microtome
1-245 microns
Computerized microtome
General laboratory safety precautions
- Read labels before working
- Wear laboratory coat/gown during laboratory experiments
- Wear gloves when handling toxic and hazardous materials.
- Never eat or drink inside laboratory
- Never use equipment unless you are trained to use such.
- Keep working areas clear from unnecessary materials.
- Clean up work before leaving the laboratory
- All infectious materials should be properly disposed in a yellow plastic bag and submitted to laboratory technician for proper disposal
- Follow universal precautions, that is, to treat all human blood and human bodily fluids as if they were known to be infectious from HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens.
- Never work alone in the laboratory.
- Be familiar with the use of fire extinguisher.
- Never do unauthorized experiments.
- Never mouth pipette chemicals
Chemical Safety Precautions
- Treat all chemicals as if it is hazardous.
- Make sure all chemicals are clearly and properly labeled with a substance name, concentration, manufacturing and expiration date, and safety level.
- Never store noxious chemicals inside the locker.
- Use volatile and flammable compounds only in a fume hood.
- Never allow a solvent to come in contact with your skin. Always use gloves.
- Never smell a chemical.
- Dispose of waste and broken glasses in a right container.
- Clean up spills immediately.
- Do not mix reagents.
samples are collected by animals and other botanical resources
Vibrating microtome
cannot produce very thin sections
Saw microtome
Knife moves horizontally
Sliding microtome
Maintaining temperature of Paraffin oven
2-5 degrees celcius higher than the melting point of paraffin wax
Maintaining temperature of Floatation water bath
5 to 10 degrees celcius below than the melting point of paraffin wax
What is the purpose of Coplin jars?
it serves as a container to hold the chemicals
What is the purpose paraffin oven?
it is design to store paraffin wax in solid state into liquid state
Maintaining temperature of Cryostat?
-10 degress celcius to -40 degress celcius
what is microtome?
- microtome is a mechanical instrument used to cut biological specimens into very thin sections or segments for microscopic examinations.
- it is also used for sectioning and ribboning of tissues.
Essential parts of microtome
Block holder/chuck/tissue holder
Knife carrier and knife
Base (Microtome body)
What will happen if these three essential parts of microtome become damaged?
if malfunction, the tissues that have been processed will be affected.
Explain why laser microtome are non-contact section?
laser microtome uses laser technology in which Medical technologists will not be touching anything on the sample but the machine itself will do its purpose.
What is the disadvantage of Saw microtome?
It cannot produce very thin sections
What is the disadvantage of Sledge microtome?
Slow in action
Basic Laboratory Equipment (8)
Microtome Automatic Knife Sharpener Cryostat Automatic Tissue Processor Tissue Embedding Center Paraffin Oven Floatation water bath Coplin Jar
types of microtome
automatic
manual
Automatic microtome
Laser
Computerized
Manual microtome
Rocking Rotary (Minot) Sledge Sliding Freezing Vibrating Ultrathin Saw Hand
