Histology - the cell

Question 1

cells 2 main parts

Answer 1

cytoplasm and nucleus

Question 2

organelles

Answer 2

permanent vital structures of living cells taht perform specific functions

Question 3

cell membrane

Answer 3

plamallema; thin bilayer of phospholipids and protein; appears trilaminar with glycoprotein outer layer called the cell coat or glycalyx

Question 4

cell membrane function

Answer 4

envelope; actively controls transport of materials; modifies at the free pole to perform a specific function (microvilli for absorption); site of cellular attachment (desmosomes and jxnal complexes); receptor sites for chemotransmitters and hormones

Question 5

mitochondria

Answer 5

double membrane; inner =cristae

Question 6

mitochondria function

Answer 6

ATP production; considered the powerhouse

Question 7

ribosomes

Answer 7

particles of RNA; free or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

ribosomes function

Answer 8

protein synthesis

Question 9

rough ER

Answer 9

interconnected membranous tubules, vesicles, and cisternae; reticulum has ribosomes attached

Question 10

rough ER function

Answer 10

reception of protein formed by ribosomes and transfer of that protein to the golgi apparatus

Question 11

golgi apparatus function

Answer 11

modifies, concentrates, and transports secretory protein to the cell surface

Question 12

agranular (smooth) ER function

Answer 12

biosynthesis of steroid hormones, formation of HCl and carbohydrate metabolism in the liver; releases and captures calcium ions during contraction and relaxation of striated muscles

Question 13

lysosomes function

Answer 13

cell defense, digestion of phagocytosed materials, elimination of worn out membranous organelles, and autolysis of tissues after death

Question 14

centrioles function

Answer 14

cilia, tail of sperm, tubules of mitotic spindles of dividing cells

Question 15

microtubules function

Answer 15

maintain shape of cell, move cilia and contribute to cell motion

Question 16

filaments function

Answer 16

extending of cytoplasm; cellular process; myofilaments in contractions

Question 17

cytoskeleton

Answer 17

microtubules and filaments

Question 18

4 inclusions of the cell

Answer 18

glycogen granules, lipid droplets, secretory granules, pigment granules

Question 19

pigment granules - exogenous and endogenous

Answer 19

exogenous- carbon; endogenous - hemoglobin and melanin

Question 20

4 components of DNA

Answer 20

nuclear membrane, karyoplasm, nucleoli, DNA

Question 21

haploid

Answer 21

23 chromosomes

Question 22

diploid

Answer 22

46 chromosomes

Question 23

autosomes- 22 pairs of chromosomes perform

Answer 23

bodily functions

Question 24

sex chromosomes - 23rd pair of chromosomes operates

Answer 24

sexual functions

Question 25

2 main phases in cell division

Answer 25

interphase and mitotic

Question 26

interphase

Answer 26

non dividing phase

Question 27

mitotic phase

Answer 27

dividing phase, divided into a number of phases

Question 28

prophase

Answer 28

duplication of centioles and separation to opposite poles, disappearance of nuclear membrane and nucleoli; coiling of chromatin and appearance of chromosomes

Question 29

metaphase

Answer 29

formation of spindles, arrangement of chromosomes at equator of spindle; development of chromosomal microtubules

Question 30

anaphase

Answer 30

separation of chromatids at the centromere, development of a circular furrow at the equator

Question 31

telophase

Answer 31

splitting of the two cells and reformation of nuclei of daughter cell