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T1 - Dani's Histology > Histology - bone development > Flashcards

Histology - bone development Flashcards

1
Q

ossification/osteogenesis

A

making bone

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2
Q

Intramembranous development happens in ____ bone

A

cancellous/spongy

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3
Q

intracartilaginous development happens in ____ bone

A

long

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4
Q

intramembranous developmet in which bone develops in

A

mesenchymal membranes

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5
Q

intracartilaginous ossification in which bone develops in a

A

cartilage model

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6
Q

middle layer of spongy bone in flat bones are called

A

diploe

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7
Q

osteoblasts are ____ ____ cells

A

bone forming

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8
Q

some developing osteoblasts start to secrete and surround themselves with bone organic intercellular substance known as

A

osteoid

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9
Q

the organic substance turns into bone through the activity of _____ ______ enzyme secreted by osteoblasts

A

alkaline phosphatase

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10
Q

intramembranous ossification - the first bone formed is small and tiny and is called

A

spicule

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11
Q

osteoblasts are

A

multinucleated

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12
Q

osteoclasts present in

A

Hawship’s lacunae

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13
Q

intramembranous ossification - the location at which the one firsts develops

A

primary center of ossification

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14
Q

bone develops first as a spicule which enlarges in size to become a

A

trabeculum

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15
Q

necrotic bone/infectious bone has

A

no nucleus in lacunae

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16
Q

cavities between the trabeculae are called

A

primary morrow cavities

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17
Q

primary morrow cavities gradually becomes filled with

A

red bone marrow

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18
Q

hematopoetic tissue are

A

blood forming tissues

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19
Q

the cartilage model in intracartilaginous ossification is made up of _____ _____ covered by _____

A

hyaline cartilage; periosteum

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20
Q

hyaline cartilage does not have

A

fibers

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21
Q

the deposition of the bone in the center of the diaphysis constitues as the

A

primary ossification center

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22
Q

secondary ossification centers in intracartilaginous ossification appear

A

at the epiphyses

23
Q

plate of cartilage that remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis to constitute the

A

epiphyseal cartilage plate/disc

24
Q

activity of the epiphyseal plate - resting cartilage zone

A

hyaline cartilage with cells and cell nests scattered in the matrix

25
Q

activity of the epiphyseal plate - proliferating or arranged cartilage zone

A

flattened chondrocytes in longitudinal columns like piles of coins. minimal cartilage between them

26
Q

activity of the epiphyseal plate - mature cartilage zone

A

cartilage cells that appear large and rounded or cuboidal. cells capable of producting hte enzyme alkaline phosphatase which brings about the calciication of cartilage matrix gradually

27
Q

activity of the epiphyseal plate - calcified and degenerating cartilage zone

A

cartilage cells imprisoned inside their lacunae undergo degeneration as a lack of nutrition

28
Q

activity of the epiphyseal plate - emptying of lacunae

A

lacunae open to one another; creating multiple longitudinal tunnels. cross sections at this zone presents a honey-comb appearance

29
Q

activity of the epiphyseal plate - ossification zone

A

tunnels fill with vascular osteogenic tissue from marrow cavity. osteoblasts line up over calcified tunnel walls and lay down bone. first bone to develop is cancellous and outer zone turns to compact bone

30
Q

bones need an adequate amount of

A

calcium and vitamin D

31
Q

calcium makes bone

A

hard

32
Q

vitamin D absorbs

A

calcium

33
Q

deficiency of vit D results in

A

faulty absorption of calcium and a diminished concentration of phosphate in blood

34
Q

Vit D leads to ____ in children and _____ in adults

A

rickets; osteomalacia

35
Q

vit c deficiency leads to

A

inability of cells to produce and maintain the collagen and ground substance

36
Q

vit a deficiency causes

A

inability of osteoblasts to form bone matrix normally leading to delays of growth and remodeling of bone

37
Q

4 hormonal factors

A

growth hormone, parathyroid hormone, thyrocalcitonin hormone and sex hormones

38
Q

growth hormone essential for

A

normal bone growth

39
Q

too little or too much growth hormone leads to

A

dwarfism or gigantism/acromegaly

40
Q

parathyroid hormone stimulates ____ to ____ blood calcium levels. mobilizes ____ and activates bone _____

A

osteoclasts; increase. calcium and resorption

41
Q

thyrocalcitonin hormone stimulates ____ and inhibits _____. also inhibits ___ mobilization and ____ of bone

A

osteoblasts, osteoclasts. calcium, resorption

42
Q

3 types of joints according to function

A

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

43
Q

synarthrosis

A

no movement

44
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

limited mobility

45
Q

diartrosis

A

free mobility

46
Q

3 types of joints according to structure

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

47
Q

fibrous joints

A

opposing surfaces are attached by fibrous tissue

48
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

opposing surfaces are attached together b fibrocartilage

49
Q

synovial joints

A

no attachment occurs between articulating surface, but bones are held together by an articular capsule and separated by a narrow interval containing synovial fluid

50
Q

articular cartilage is in the form of a shell of

A

hyaline cartilage

51
Q

articular cartilage is not covered by ___ and depends on it for

A

perichondrium; nutrition

52
Q

articular capsule is made of

A

tough, fibrous connective tissue

53
Q

synovial membrane lines _____ and can form capsules called

A

joint cavity; bursae

54
Q

synovial joints may contain intra-articualr discs called

A

menisci

T1 - Dani's Histology (10 decks)

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