HIstology - Blood

Question 1

blood

Answer 1

specialized CT of a fluid nature

Question 2

blood made up of

Answer 2

plasma and blood elements

Question 3

plasma

Answer 3

forms 55% of blood volume; made up of mostly water; great number of elements are suspended, including end products of digestion

Question 4

Erythrocytes

Answer 4

RBCs; not true cells; appear circular, biconcave, no nucli and filled with pigment hemoglobin; diameter = 7.5-8 microns; 5-5.5 million in males; less than .5 million in females; life span = 120 days; old RBCs destroyed by phagocytes of bone marrow and spleen;

Question 5

Erythrocyte function

Answer 5

hold and release oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 6

anisoctyosis

Answer 6

variation in size of RBCs; occuring in some types of anemia

Question 7

macrocytosis

Answer 7

increase in size of RBC; ocurring in some types of anemia

Question 8

microcytosis

Answer 8

decrease in size of RBCs; occurs in some types of amemia

Question 9

plycythemia

Answer 9

increase in number of RBCs

Question 10

polycythemia caused by

Answer 10

physiological or pathological

Question 11

reduction in number of RBCs occurs in

Answer 11

certain types of anemia

Question 12

poikilocytosis

Answer 12

variation in shape of RBCs

Question 13

hemolysis

Answer 13

destruction of RBCs with liberation of hemoglobin

Question 14

hemolysis caused by

Answer 14

malaria

Question 15

Rouleaux formation

Answer 15

the phenomenon where RBCs pile in a regular row as they pass through a narrow capillary

Question 16

Leukocytes

Answer 16

WBCs; true cells; normal count= 5,000-10,000

Question 17

leukocytosis

Answer 17

an increase in number of WBCs

Question 18

leukocytosis occurs because of

Answer 18

a number of infectious diseases

Question 19

leukopenia

Answer 19

a reduction in number of WBCs

Question 20

leukopenia occurs due to

Answer 20

inhibition of bone marrow as a result of toxic side effects of chemical or physical agents

Question 21

leukemia

Answer 21

malignant condition of bone marrow where immature leukocytes are released into the blood and the leukocytic count shows an excessive increase

Question 22

2 types of leukocytes

Answer 22

granular and nongranular

Question 23

granular leukocytes

Answer 23

polymorph nuclear leukocytes with cytoplasmic granules

Question 24

3 types of granular leukocytes

Answer 24

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Question 25

neutrophils

Answer 25

round with lobulated nucleus (2-5 lobes) and fine, pink granules; diameter = 10-12 microns; 60-75%

Question 26

neutrophils function

Answer 26

phagocytic

Question 27

neutrophilia

Answer 27

increase in number of neutrophils

Question 28

neutrophilia caused by

Answer 28

acute bacteria infections

Question 29

eosinophils

Answer 29

round with bilobed nucleus and coars acidophilic granules; diameter = 12-14 microns; 2-4%

Question 30

eosinphils function

Answer 30

breakdown antigen antibody complexes

Question 31

eosinophilia

Answer 31

pathological increase in eosinophils

Question 32

eosinophilia caused by

Answer 32

allergic conditions and parasitic infections

Question 33

basophils

Answer 33

round with bilobed nucleus and course basophilic granules masking the nucleus; diameter = 8-10 microns; .5-1%;

Question 34

basophils fxn

Answer 34

produce histamine and heparin

Question 35

basophilia

Answer 35

pathological increase in basophils

Question 36

basophilia caused by

Answer 36

chicken pox

Question 37

nongranular leukocytes

Answer 37

no cytoplasmic granules; agranulari leukocytes

Question 38

2 types of nongranular leukocytes

Answer 38

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 39

lymphocytes

Answer 39

small, round with large round nucleus and little cytoplasm; diameter = 6-8 microns; 20-25%

Question 40

T - lymphocytes fxn

Answer 40

cell mediated immune responses

Question 41

B - lymphocytes fxn

Answer 41

differentiate to plasma cells which produce antibodies

Question 42

lyphocytosis

Answer 42

increase in number of lymphocytes

Question 43

lyphocytosis caused by

Answer 43

viral and fungal infections

Question 44

monocytes

Answer 44

large, round to oval with kidney shaped nucleus; diameter = 14-20 microns; 5-8%

Question 45

monocytes function

Answer 45

phagocytic

Question 46

monocytosis

Answer 46

increase in number of monocytes

Question 47

monocytosis caused by

Answer 47

malaria; increase in chronic inflammation

Question 48

thrombocytes

Answer 48

blood platelets; tiny, rounded bodies with a cental dark zone (chromomere) and outer lighter zone (hyalomere); diameter = 2-4 microns; 200,000-300,000;

Question 49

thrombocytes function

Answer 49

produce factors important in blood clotting

Question 50

thrombocytopenia

Answer 50

some drugs may supress bone marrow with depression of platelet number

Question 51

hemopoiesis

Answer 51

blood development; blood elements develop in myeloid tissue (bone marrow) and lymphoid tissue

Question 52

hemocytoblasts

Answer 52

mother of all myeloid elements; large round cells with basophilic cytoplasm; divides and differentiates

Question 53

3 daughter cells of hemocytoblast (plus two more)

Answer 53

rubriblasts, myeloblasts, megakaryoblasts; lymphoblasts and monoblasts

Question 54

rubriblast

Answer 54

mother cell of all RBCs

Question 55

myeloblasts

Answer 55

mother of granular WBCs

Question 56

megakaryoblasts

Answer 56

mother of all platelets