Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IMED3001 > Histology of the URT, Paranasal Sinuses, Salivary Glands and Tongue > Flashcards

Histology of the URT, Paranasal Sinuses, Salivary Glands and Tongue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the important components of the nasal cavity?

A

Vestibule

Conchae (respiratory segment)

Olfactory component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the important parts of the URT?

A

Nasal cavity

Paranasal sinuses

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

Sphenoid sinus in the superior and posterior portion of the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What separates the 2 paired chambers of the nasal cavity?

A

A bony and cartilaginous septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Air filled spaces in the bones of the walls of the nasal cavity and are extensions of respiratory segment of nasal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

The first 1.5cm of conductive portion following the nostrils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What epithelium lines the vestibules?

A

Stratified (multilayered) squamous epithelium (keratinised)

This part of the nasal cavity is a continuation of the skin on the face.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What exists besides epithelium at the vestibule?

A

Hairs that filter large particulate matter and sebaceous glands that assist with entrapment of particulate matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What underlies the stratified squamous epithelium of the vestibules?

A

The dermis (which is the lamina propria layer of connective tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What kind of tissue makes up the epithelium of the respiratory portion of the nasal cavity?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium. It is also ciliated like the rest of the respiratory tract epithelium.

Other cells that are present include: Goblet cells, basal cells, brush cells, and small granule cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do conchae do?

A

They are folds of respiratory epithelium surrounding bony projections into nasal cavity which is important for:

Surface area of mucous membrane that the air must pass through.

Causes turbulence in airflow which allows more efficient conditioning of inspired air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is epithelium of respiratory segment of nasal cavity attached to the bone underlying it?

A

Via the lamina propria which consists of connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What blood vessels are located under the mucous membrane of the respiratory segment of the nasal cavity?

A

Cavernous bodies are formed by veins in the lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are basal cells?

A

Stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are brush cells?

A

Cells that make up the short, blunt microvilli of the respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are small granule cells?

A

They are cells within the respiratory epithelium that contain secretory granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which cells produce mucous in the respiratory tract>

A

Goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What kind of shape are basal cells?

A

Cuboidal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the olfactory segment of the nasal cavity located?

A

At the dome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of epithelium is present in the olfactory segment of the nasal cavity?

A

Specialised olfactory mucosa which is made up of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What underlies the epithelium of the olfactory segment of the nasal cavity?

A

Lamina propria which is continuous with the periosteum of the underlying bone.

Blood + lymphatic vessels

Unmyelinated olfactory nerves

Myelinated nerves

Olfactory glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do olfactory glands do? How do they stain on histology slides?

A

They are serous protein secreting glands which stain pink due to being eosinophilic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What cells make up epithelium of olfactory part of the nasal cavity?

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

No goblet cells

Olfactory cells (receptor cells)

Supporting/sustenacular cells

Basal cells

Brush cells (specialized for transduction of general sensory stimulation of mucosa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do olfactory cells look like?

A

They are receptor cells attached to bipolar neurons and non-motile cilia on the surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are supporting/sustenacular cells of the olfactory part of the nasal cavity?

A

Columnar cells that provide mechanical and metabolic support to olfactory cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is another name for bowman’s gland and what does it do?

A

Olfactory gland, it produces serous fluid which is delivered to olfactory surface via short ducts with cuboidal epithelium.

They are branched tubuloalveolar glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What kind of granules are present in gland cells?

A

Lipofuscin granules

28
Q

What glands besides the olfactory glands are tubuloalveolar glands?

A

Salivary glands

29
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Air-filled spaces in the bones of the walls of the nasal cavity. They are extensions of the respiratory segment of the nasal cavity.

30
Q

What tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

A

Respiratory epithelium (ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium)

Mucous secreting cells also present.

This is because paransal sinuses are basically an extension of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity

31
Q

Where is the pharynx located?

A

Between nasal cavity and larynx

32
Q

What epithelium lines the nasopharynx?

A

Respiratory epithelium

33
Q

What epithelium lines the oropharynx?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinised)

34
Q

Where do lymphocytes typically accumulate within the pharynx?

A

In the lamina propria

35
Q

What makes up the tonsils?

A

Dense lymphoid tissue lined by stratified squamous epithlium

36
Q

What is the structure of the lamina propria of the oropharynx like?

A

Thick layer of longitudinally oriented elastic fibers.

Mucous glands present as well

Muscularis externa surrounds the oropharynx which is composed of irregularly arranged skeletal muscle.

37
Q

What are the dorsal parts of the tongue divided into?

A

Oral part (anterior 2/3rds)

Pharyngeal part (posterior 1/3rd)

38
Q

What are lingual papillae?

A

Small projections on the oral part of the tongue which are composed of a connective tissue core and surrounded by stratified squamous epithelium.

39
Q

What are the 4 different types of lingual papillae?

A

Filiform

Fungiform

Circumvallate

Foliate

40
Q

How are lingual papillae classified?

A

Based on their appearance

41
Q

Where are foliate papillae located and are they well developed?

A

Sit on posterior and lateral surfaces of the tongue and are not well developed in humans and may be absent in aged people

42
Q

How is connective tissue underlying epithelial tissue arranged on the tongue?

A

Connective tissue is densely arranged and underlies epithelium

43
Q

What type of glands are present in the dense connective tissue underlying the tongue?

A

Lingual salivary glands

44
Q

Which lingual papillae are smallest, most numerous and most well distributed?

A

Filiform papillae

45
Q

Where are fungiform papillae most well concentrated?

A

On apex of the tongue.

They are also distributed between filiform papillae

46
Q

Where are vallate lingual papillae located?

A

They form a V shape posteriorly and most humans have 8 - 12 of them

47
Q

Which papillae have taste buds?

A

Fungiform papillae

Vallate papillae

48
Q

What is the shape of filiform papillae?

A

Conical, elongated projections of the connective tissue. They are keratinised.

49
Q

What is the job of filiform papillae?

A

They are important for manipulation and processing of foods

50
Q

What forms the core of fungiform papillae?

A

Connective tissue

51
Q

What surrounds circumvallate papillae?

A

Trench formed by infolding of the epithelium

52
Q

What is the name of the excretory serous glands that have ducts that open into trenches surrounding vallate papillae?

A

Von Ebner’s glands

53
Q

What is the job of Von Ebner’s glands?

A

They produce serous fluid which moves the food stuck in the trenches between vallate papillae and allows them to come in contact with vallate papillae

54
Q

What do taste buds look like?

A

They appear as ovoid, lightly stained bodies which extend from basement membrane to a little opening formed in epithelium.

55
Q

How are salivary glands arranged?

A

Into lobules separated by connective tissue

They contain secretory acini but first part of duct also participates in secretion

56
Q

What are the types of secretory acini located in salivary glands?

A

Serous (produces liquid (protein) product

Mucous (produces a viscous (mucin) product

57
Q

What do serous acini look like on histology?

A

Round/ovoid nuclei, basal surface of cell.

Cytoplasm appears pinkish red (eosinophilic)

Mainly located in glands located further away from oral cavity (eg parotid gland)

58
Q

What do mucous acini look like on histology?

A

Flattened nuclei appear pressed against basal surface of cell

Secretory vesicles fill much of apical cytoplasm

Secretory product unstained and dissolved

Mainly glands located closer to oral cavity such as sublingual glands

59
Q

What are secretory acini?

A

They are indivudal secretory units within a gland. Like grapes and the nuclei are like the seeds

60
Q

What are ducts called that directly leave the acinus? What are they made up of?

A

Intercalated ducts, they are made up of low cuboidal epithelial cells.

61
Q

Which glands typically have striated ducts and what do striated ducts do?

A

Serous glands.

Striated ducts are striations of columnar cells and contain long mitochondria that are important for active transport of secretions of serous proteins.

62
Q

Pathway of fluid from serous glands:

A

Secretory acini -> Intercalated duct -> Striated duct -> interlobular ducts

63
Q

What is the structure of interlobular ducts like?

A

Larger excretory ducts and contain stratified cuboidal / columnar epithelium

64
Q

What kind of secretions does the submandibular gland produce?

A

Mixed serous and mucous gland (mostly serous in humans)

65
Q

What are serous demilunes?

A

Serous and mucous cells may form mixed acini.

Serous cells form small half moon/crescent shaped structures. These structures are called serous demilunes.

66
Q

Which glands have serous demilunes?

A

Sublingual and submandibular glands

67
Q

What do secretory demilunes do?

A

They attach to mucous producing acini and empty secretory product into space between mucous producing cells

IMED3001 (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions