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IMED3001 > Antihypertensive drugs > Flashcards

Antihypertensive drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the blood vessels that produce the most resistance to blood flow?

A

The arterioles

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2
Q

What kind of effects does the autonomic nervous system deal with?

A

Very short term

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3
Q

What drugs can be used to reduce cardiac output?

A

Beta adrenergic blockers (not ideal)

Calcium channel blockers

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4
Q

What kind of drugs are used to dilate resistance vessels?

A

Calcium channel blockers

Renin-angiotensin system blockers

Alpha 1 adrenoceptor blockers

Nitrates

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5
Q

What kind of drugs can be used to reduce vascular volume?

A

Diuretics

RAS blockers

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6
Q

Where is angiotensin converting enzyme located?

A

Richest in the lungs (endothelial cells of the vasculature)

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7
Q

What is the receptor for Angiotensin II on blood vessels called?

A

AT(1) receptor

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8
Q

How does AtII act on blood volume?

A

Adrenal cortex of the medulla contain receptors for AtII which stimulate production of aldosterone.

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9
Q

How many amino acids is AtII made up of? What does this mean?

A

8, which means inhibiting its receptor with a drug shouldn’t be too hard

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10
Q

What are some common ACE inhbitors?

A

Perindopril

Ramipril

Anything else ending with -pril

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11
Q

What are ARBs?

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

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12
Q

What are some ARB’s?

A

Candesartan

Irbesartan

Anything else ending in -sartan

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13
Q

What are the uses of beta adrenoceptor blockers?

A

Antiarrhythmic

Decreasing BP by decreasing HR

Heart failure

Angina (decreasing effort done by the heart)

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14
Q

Where are the alpha1 receptors most commonly located?

A

Arterioles (they act here as vasoconstrictors)

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15
Q

What is the use of alpha1 adrenoceptor blockers?

A

They can reduce blood pressure by reducing the work that the heart does by dilating arterioles and in turn reducing TPR/PVR and thus reducing BP

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16
Q

Name an alpha1 adrenoceptor blocker:

A

Prazosin (currently the only one in use)

17
Q

How do calcium channel blockers work?

A

They reduce myocardial membrane depolarization

signalling

Important role in actin-myosin interaction

18
Q

Fun fact

A

The sodium / calcium exchanger on cardiomyocytes is so efficient that it can maintain an intracellular calcium concentration that is 25 fold lower than the extracellular environment.

19
Q

What do calcium channel blockers do in cells that they act on?

A

They reduce the rate of time calcium ions enter the cardiomyocytes making it take slightly longer and thus reducing heart rate.

20
Q

What are the types of calcium channel blockers?

A

Cardioselective channels

Vascular smooth muscle selective

21
Q

What are the names of calcium channel blockers that act on vascular smooth muscle?

A

Dihydropyridines; examples of these are:

Nifedipine

Amlodipine

typically these drugs end with dipine

22
Q

What do cardioselective calcium channel blockers do?

A

Reduce cardiac contractility

Reduce cardiac automaticity

23
Q

Name a cardioselective calcium channel blocker

A

Verapamil

24
Q

What drug family acts on both peripheral vascular tissue and the heart?

A

Diltiazem

25
Q

What ion’s reabsorption do diuretics typically interfere with?

A

Sodium

26
Q

What are loop diuretics called?

A

Frusemide

27
Q

What are distal convoluted tubule diuretics called?

A

Thiazides (eg. hydrochlorothiazide)

all have thiazide in their names

28
Q

How are thiazides made to enter the filtrate side of the DCT and thick ascending limb of loop of henle?

A

Through the weak acid excretory pathway where they are actively secreted into the filtrate via active transport

29
Q

What do potassium sparing diuretics do?

A

They inhibit aldosterone binding at the DCT reducing active secretion of potassium into the filtrate

IMED3001 (46 decks)

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