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Anatomy > Histology Of The Renal System - Delaviz > Flashcards

Histology Of The Renal System - Delaviz Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Vit D syn steps?

A

Precursor to D3 (in skin) via UV
D3 to 25OH D3 in liver
25OH D3 to 1,25 (OH)2 D3 in kidney (**Active!)

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2
Q

What does D3 A+?

A

Ca and phosphate absorption in SI

“ “ release from bone

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3
Q

What are the key facts of blood filtration?

A 
It's 21% of CO
600ml filtered per min
Both kidneys filter all blood every 5 min
180 glom filter rate, 90 per kidney 
1% excreted (1.5 to 2ml)
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4
Q

What’s the medulla?

A

Pyramid and column

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5
Q

What’s the papilla?

A

Apex of renal pyramid

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6
Q

What’s the renal sinus?

A

Adipose and loose areolar CT

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7
Q

What are the inner and outer parts of the renal capsule made of?

A

Inner: myofibroblast
Outer: dense irregular, fibroblasts and collagen

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8
Q

What are renal lobes? How many per kidney and the # of lobes equals?

A

Pyramid and cortex plus 1/2 surrounding renal columns.

10-12, = # of med pyramids

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9
Q

What’s the renal arterial supply?

A

Renal, segmental, interlobar, interlobular, arcuate, aff and eff arteriole, glomerulus and vasa recta

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10
Q

What’s the vasa recta?

A

Reab water and salt. Volume of salt and fluid taken in via artery is less than out via veins

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11
Q

What’s the renal venous drainage?

A

Vasa recta to interlobular or arcuate. Also interlobar and renal. NO SEGMENTAL!!!!

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12
Q

What does the lymph drainage do re: veins?

A

Follows the veins

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13
Q

What’s the renal cortex?

A

Cortical labyrinth plus medullary rays

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14
Q

What’s the Cortical labyrinth?

A

Renal corpuscles plus convoluted tubules.

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15
Q

What’s the the renal corpuscle?

A

Glom and Bowmans

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16
Q

What’s in the medullary ray?

A

Loops of henle and CDs

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17
Q

How many nephrons per kidney?

A

1.3 million

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18
Q

What’s a key CD?

A

CD of Bellini

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19
Q

What are the parts of Bowman’s capsule?

A

Visc layer: podocytes
Vast pole
Urinary pole

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20
Q

What are key features of the glomerulus?

A

Fenestrated capillaries (70-90 mm wide), 7.5 myoom diameter and 2 myoom thick RBCs

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21
Q

Functions of the mesangial cells?

A

Phagocytosis, maintenance of basement membrane, physical support to glom, contraction of aff art in response the ang II

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22
Q

Key stuff re: renal basal lamina (basement membrane)?

A

Has lamina densa, lamina rarae (lucida) (2),

23
Q

What’s the role of the basal lamina in filtration?

A

Densa traps large stuff (69000 Da+), lucida traps negative stuff, 4nm+ can’t pass

24
Q

What are the features of urinary filtration?

A

A fenestrated endothelium W/O DIAPHRAGMS!!!
basal lamina w/ densa and lucida
Podocytes with pedicles (filtration slits)
Negatively charged
Filtration slits (20-40nm wide)
14nm2 diaphragm pores
<1.8nm pass

25
Q

What happens in the PCT?

A

Na, Cl, K and water reab (67-80%)
Na and K into extra cell space
Cl follows Na to maintain electroneutrality, water follows Na to maintain osmotic equilibrium

26
Q

What’s PCT histo? Other key features?

A

simple cuboidal epi, basal nucleus, long microvilli on luminal border, LOTS OF MITO!!

27
Q

How does PCT microvili compare to that of DCT?

A

Longer, more.

28
Q

What else does the PCT reab?

A

Ca, glucose, bicarbonate, 100% of small proteins, AAs and creatine

29
Q

What’s the histo of thin and thick Loops of Henle?

A

Thin: simple squamous
Thick: simple cuboidal

30
Q

What are the features of the descending loop?

A

Permeable to water cuz of water channels, Na, Cl and other ions. Urea into lumen and interstitium. Na and Cl into interstitium. Conc gradient in inner medulla

31
Q

What are the features of the ascending loop?

A

Impermeable to water.
Thick asc limb: Na and Cl from lumen to interstitium
Na and Cl maintain conc gradient in outer medulla

32
Q

What are the features of the DCT?

A

Simple cuboidal epi
Few short microvilli
Many mito
Few tubules visible in histo
Aldo A+ Na/K/ATPase pump to transport Na (and Cl passively) from filtrate in lumen to interstitium
K and H secreted into lumen
Ca abs into interstitium in response to PTH

33
Q

What happens to the DCT in response to ADH?

A

Water and urea leave lumen and enter interstitium

34
Q

Urea vs uric acid?

A

Amm to urea in liver
Amm: aa byproduct
Uric acid: nucleic acid catabolism byproduct
Creatine: from creatine phosphate catabolism, PO4 = source of high E bonds, ATP for skeletal muscle

35
Q

What hormones act on the DCT and what are there functions?

A

Aldo: Na reab
ANF: I- Aldo
PTH: Ca reab

36
Q

Key features of juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

Macula densa of DCT
JG cells of aff art
Mesangial cells

37
Q

Key features of macula densa?

A

DCT near vasc pole of its Bowman capsule
Simple columnar epi
Tightly packed cells, tall, narrow w/ central nucleus

38
Q

When does the macula densa secrete renin and what’s the innervation?

A

In response to low volume or low sodium conc in ultrafiltrate
Symp innervation

39
Q

What’s associated with renin?

A

Angiotensinogen to ang I to ang II via lungs and ACE in blood

40
Q

What does ang II do?

A

Vasoconstrict

41
Q

What does increased Aldo in the macula densa lead to?

A

Increased Na and Cl reab in DCT

42
Q

What are the features of the CD?

A

Simple cuboidal epi
Ultrafiltrate from DCT to renal papilla
Impermeable to water, with ADH, its permeable
Acidification or alkalization of ultrafiltrate

43
Q

What does ADH do?

A

Makes DCT, CD and CT permeable to water
Water reab
Conc urine

44
Q

What empties into a single minor calyx?

A

Each papilla

45
Q

What are the features of the ureter?

A

15cm long
ends at post bladder
Star shaped lumen when empty

46
Q

Histo Layers of ureter?

A 
Trans epi
Basal lam
Lam prop (dense, irregular fibroelastic CT)
Tunica musc
Adventitia
47
Q

What allows urine to travel?

A

Gravity and peristalsis-like contractions

48
Q

3 layers of the bladder?

A

Adventitia (CT and adipose)
Tunica musc
Trans epi (osm barrier)

49
Q

Urethra lumen?

A

crescent shaped when empty

50
Q

Urethra epi?

A

Trans: near bladder
Strat squamous non ker along length and near ext urethral orifice
Pseudostrat columnar throughout length

51
Q

Micturition function?

A

Stretch receptors in bladder wall send impulses to S cord when bladder gets to 200-400ml

52
Q

Inn and action of urination?

A

Parasymp, contraction of detrussor and relaxation of internal urethral sphincter

53
Q

What’s the int urethra sphincter continuous with?

A

Mid musc layer of bladder and neck

Anatomy (7 decks)

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