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Anatomy > Anatomy Of Abdomen (Genitourinary) - Maklad > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Abdomen (Genitourinary) - Maklad Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney dimensions?

A 
Left is longer and narrower 
150 gm in males
11-6-3
upper pole closer to midline
Lower is 2.5cm from Iliac crest
Ant surface: convex and irregular, bit lateral
R is lower cuz of liver
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2
Q

Where’s the kidneys located?

A

In the hypochondrium and lumbar areas

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3
Q

Where’s the transpyloric plane?

A

Thru upper near R hilum and inferior part of L hilum

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4
Q

What are the ant relations of the R and L kidneys?

A

L: stomach, pancreas, desc and transverse colon
R: transverse colon

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5
Q

What are the posterior relations?

A

Upper: medial and lateral arcuate ligaments of diaphragm

Upper pole of R kidney at 12th rib, L at 11th

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6
Q

What are the lower posterior relations?

A

The aponeurotic region of transverse ab, subcostal n+a, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal ns, separated by panephric fat

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7
Q

What is the renal lobe?

A

Pyramid and overlying part of cortex

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8
Q

What is the renal column?

A

Part of the cortex between the pyramids

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9
Q

What are the coverings of the kidney?

A

Renal fascia, peritoneum, renal capsule, perinephric and paranephric fat

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10
Q

What supports the kidneys?

A

Renal fascia, perinephric fat, renal vessels, opposing action of ab viscera

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11
Q

What is nephrotosis?

A

Kidney weakness

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12
Q

What is the blood supply of the kidney?

A 
Renal artery (accessory a, 30%, small branches (capsule, pelvis, prox ureter, inferior suprarenal art).
R vein into IVC
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13
Q

What does the L renal vein supply?

A

The L gonadal, suprarenal and inf phrenic veins. It can be lighted during surgery, so ligature should be placed to the right

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14
Q

What are the features of the ureter?

A

25 to 30cm and descends retroperitoneally over psoas and common iliac. Descends down lateral wall until ischial spine then medial and forward to join the superolateral angle of bladder

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15
Q

Of which surface does the bladder have 2?

A

Inferolateral

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16
Q

How many paravesical fossae are there?

A

2

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17
Q

What is on the inferolateral surface?

A

The levator and and obturator internus

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18
Q

In makes what is the posterior surface of the bladder related to?

A

The seminal vehicle and vas ampulla

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19
Q

What is a trigone?

A

The smooth mucosal lining between the 3 openings

20
Q

What are features of the bladder neck?

A

Prostate and perineal membrane (females)

21
Q

In females what does the bladder sit on and lay back on?

A

It sits on the perineal membrane and lays on the vagina

22
Q

How and where is the apex of the vagina anchored?

A

To the umbilicus via the median umbilical ligaments

23
Q

What are features of the prostate?

A

It’s a fibromuscular gland, secretes seminal fluids, its apex is on the perineal membrane

24
Q

What’s the lateral relations of the prostate?

A

Levator ani

25
Q

What’s the lymphatic drainage of the prostate?

A

The internal iliac lymph nodes

26
Q

What are the lobes of the prostate?

A

2 lateral, ant (isthmus), posterior, and middle

27
Q

What are features of the seminal vesicles?

A

It’s a 5cm gland, between bladder and rectum, related medically to ureter, ductus deferens and ampulla. A coiled simple duct and diverticulae. Makes 70% of seminal fluids and is involved with sperm maturation, motility and immunosuppression in the female tract

28
Q

What is the course of the ductus deferens?

A

From the scrotum at the end of the tail of the epididymis thru the spermatic cord, passes in the inguinal canal to reach the pelvic cavity

29
Q

What’s the course of the ductus deferens in the pelvic cavity?

A

Lateral wall, then medial and forward to reach the posterior bladder wall

30
Q

What does the ductus deferens unite with, to do what?

A

Unites with the seminal vesicle duct to form the ejaculatory duct which drains seminal fluid into the prostatic urethra

31
Q

What’s the form and function of the testis?

A

Makes sperm and testosterone, in the scrotum. It’s covered by fibrous tunica albuginea

32
Q

What’s on the posterior side of the testis?

A

The epididymis

33
Q

What is the testis and epi covered by?

A

Tunica vaginalis

34
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the testis?

A

Into the para aortic lymph nodes

35
Q

What is the uterus covered by?

A

Peritoneum

36
Q

What is around the cervix?

A

Luminal crypts with cornices (ant, 2 lat, post)

37
Q

What’s the normal position of the uterus?

A

Anteverted (long axis of uterus and vag make angle) and anteflexed (long axis of uterus body and cervix make an angle). Neither is in line w/ each other

38
Q

What is the broad ligament and what are its parts?

A

Its peritoneal folds connecting the lateral wall of the uterus to the lateral wall of the pelvis. There’s the mesosalpinx, mesovarium and mesometrium.

39
Q

What are the features of the mesosalpinx, mesovarium and mesometrium?

A

Mesosalpinx: near the uterine tube
Mesovarium: connects anterior ovary to broad ligament
Mesometrium: remaining part

40
Q

What are the parts of the uterine tube?

A

The infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus,
opening
and fimbriae

41
Q

What’s the blood supply of the uterus?

A

The uterine artery off the internal iliac

42
Q

How are the ureter and uterine artery vulnerable to ligation?

A

They cross under the broad ligament and can be lighted during a hysterectomy

43
Q

What are the features of the ovaries?

A

Oogenesis, 3 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, 1 cm thick

44
Q

What’s the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries?

A

Aortic lymph nodes

45
Q

Where are the ovaries located?

A

In ovarian fossa on lateral wall

46
Q

How does the urethra differ in males and females?

A

Females: 4cm
Males: 15-20cm, 4 parts: pre-prostatic, prostatic, membranous and penile

Anatomy (7 decks)

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