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Anatomy > Histology Of The Abdomen - Chiaia > Flashcards

Histology Of The Abdomen - Chiaia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the secretion actions of the GI system?

A

Release of water, acids, buffers and enz by epi of GI tract and glandular organs

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2
Q

What do the pacesetter cells do where?

A

Aid in movement of digestive stuff, tract lumen

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3
Q

How does the GI tract depolarize?

A

Spontaneously via wave of muscular sheet

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4
Q

What does the stomach absorb?

A

Water and alcohol

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5
Q

What are the features of the gut microbiome?

A

2kg of it, 1000 bacteria species, 3 million genes, 2/3 unique to each person. Vit B and K production, some immune function

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6
Q

What do the microbes do?

A 
Make nutrients and calories
Improve absorbtion
Tune acidity so enz work
Make nutrients
Regulate gut hormones
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7
Q

What else are features and actions of the microbes?

A 
1200 main core
10^12 bac/gram
ferment carbs to short chain FAs
Make ingested nutrients available 
Epi abs, Vit K syn, motility
Brain-gut communication
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8
Q

Histo layers of GI?

A

Mucosa, submucosa and muscularis

Serosa

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9
Q

What’s part of the mucosa?

A

Epi, lam prop (MALT), musc. mucosae

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10
Q

What’s assc w/ the submucosa and muscularis

A

The Meissner plexus and Myenteric/Auerbach plexus (long and Circ muscles)

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11
Q

What is the serosa?

A

CT epi

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12
Q

What’s the mucosa histo of different parts of GI tract?

A

Eso and anus: strat squam (protective)

Rest: simple columnar (enz, hormones, absorb nutrients, special cells–goblet, enteroendocrine cells)

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13
Q

Lamina densa histo?

A

Dense or loose CT

Macrophages and lymphocytes

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14
Q

What does the musc mucosae line?

A

Thin layers of smooth m

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15
Q

What’s the submucosa made of? Assc w/?

A

Fibroelastic CT

Blood vessels, Meissners, mucous glands (eso, duo), diffuse lymph cells

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16
Q

What kind of muscles are the longitudinal and circular muscles?

A

Smooth

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17
Q

Serosa details?

A

Loose CT covered by simple squamous epi (mesothelium)

Assc with lymph and blood vessels of GI and adipose

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18
Q

What’s up with the enteric NS?

A

Within muscular wall, can function w/o CNS.

Modulated by ANS

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19
Q

Details of the submucosa plexus?

A

Secretory/motor
Hormones and peptides
Innervates mucosa
Synapses with myenteric neurons

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20
Q

Details of the myenteric plexus?

A

Motor, peristalsis, between layers in musc. externa

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21
Q

Eso details? (including mucosa, submucosa and musc ext)

A 
10 in long, 1 inch wide
Inn by eso plex
Mucosa: strat squa non ker epi
Submucosa: Meissner plus eso glands
Musc Ext: upper 1/3: skeletal, mid 1/3: mixed, lower 1/3: smooth
Adventitia: loose areolar
22
Q

What gastric intrinsic factor?

A

A glycoprotein made in stomach for abs of B12 in SI

23
Q

What are the stomach digestive enz?

A

Pepsin, sal amylase, lingual lipase (fat)

24
Q

Stomach contents?

A

More fluid
2.0 ph
more pepsin
protein disassembly

25
Q

Stomach histo? Regions?

A

Simple columnar epi, gastric pits

Fundus, body and pyloric regions (based on glands).

26
Q

Parts of stomach mucosa and musc ext?

A

Mucosa: gastric pits, simple columnar, lam prop, gastric gland
Musc Ext: oblique, long and circ m

27
Q

What’s rugae?

A

Folds of mucosa and submucosa

28
Q

Parts of the stomach mucosa?

A

ALL IN THE GASTRIC GLAND:

Surface mucous cell, mucous neck cells, parietal cell (HCl), chief cell (pepsinogen, gastric lipase), g cell (gastric)

29
Q

What specifically is involved in the mucosa and gastric glands?

A 
Pepsinogen to pepsin via HCl
B12 abs (gastric intrinsic factor)
30
Q

What does gastrin hormone do?

A

Release more gastric juice, increase gastric motility, relax pyloric and constrict eso sphincter

31
Q

Where are parietal cells?

A

In gastric glands and body of stomach

32
Q

How do parietal cells secrete stuff?

A

Active transport HCl via canaliculi into stomach

33
Q

What regulates parietal cells?

A

Histamine, ACh, gastrin signaling from central and local modulators

34
Q

What’s associated with HCl release?

A

Receptors for gastrin (stretch on EC cells), histamine (“”), and ACh (vagus, psychological)

35
Q

SI dimensions/details?

A

20 feet long, 1” diam
Duo 10”
Jej 8 ft
Ileum 12 ft

36
Q

Plica circularis details?

A

Mostly in jej, increases surface area 3x

37
Q

What’s the villi made of?

A

Epi and lam prop

38
Q

What cells types line the SI?

A

Goblet, paneth, enteroendo, regen, ABS COLUMNAR

39
Q

What do absorptive surface cells do?

A

Abs water, reeesterify FAs, make chylomicrons, transport abs nutrients

40
Q

What are the crypts?

A

Short, tubular (simple or branched), continuous with and open between villi, have enteroendo and pane the cells, regen, gob and columnar epi

41
Q

Duo vs jej vs ileum?

A

Duo: few gob, broad, lots of tall villi, Brunners (branched, tubular, alkaline mucus and proteolytic enz)
Jej: narrow, shorter villi, many gob
Ileum: shortest, narrowest, fewest villi, many gob, Peyers patches (lymphatic and microfold cells)

42
Q

What do paneth cells make and secrete?

A

Antimicrobial pep and proteins, lysozymes

43
Q

Where are Brunners and Peyers specifically?

A

In submucosa of duo and ileum

44
Q

What’s Peyers also assc with

A

GALT, aggregated lymph tissue, immune sensor of gut, B and T lymphocytes, M cells, monitor intestinal bacteria pop, prevent growth of pathogenic bact

45
Q

What are M cells?

A

In Peyers, transcytosis of intact luminal stuff (soluble proteins, antigens, and viruses across epi to mucosa)

46
Q

LI details?

A

5 feet long, 2” diameter, rectum last 8”, anal last 1”
Abs of vitamins made by bacteria
No villi or folds, many dense gob and crypts
Lymph, surface abs cells
Serosa = visc peritoneum
Musc layer has distinct longitudinal layer, unusual musc externa
No paneth

47
Q

LI cellular components?

A

Crypts, lam prop, CELLS: gob, regen, abs, enteroendo

48
Q

Tenia Coli?

A

Outer longitudinal layer, 3 fascicles

49
Q

Features of rectum and anal canal?

A

Fewer and deeper crypts, more gob, surface abs cells

50
Q

Histo of recto-anal junction?

A

Columnar to strat squamous

Anatomy (7 decks)

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