Histology Of The Menstrual Cycle

Question 1

Cycle where several ovarian folicles, each housing a primary oocyte, undergo folliculogenesis in preparation for ovulation

Answer 1

Ovarian cycle

Question 2

Cycle where endometrium prepares for implantation

If fertilization does not occur, the endometrium is shed, menstruation occurs and a new menstrual cycle starts

Answer 2

Uterine cycle

Question 3

Structure that catches ovulated secondary oocyte
Nourishes oocyte and sperm
Provide fertilization micronvironment
Transport embryo to uterus

Answer 3

Oviduct/uterine tubes

Question 4

Regions of the uterine tube

Answer 4

Infundibulum w/ fimbriae

Long and thin walled ampulla
Short and thick walled isthmus
Intramural portion that opens into uterus

Question 5

Route of secondary oocyte through oviduct regions

Answer 5

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Uterine part

Question 6

The wall of the uterine tube is _______ ______ epithelium

Answer 6

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 7

_____ cells help oocyte move through the oviduct
In response to _______, they enlarge, grow in height and produce cilia during folliculogenesis

In response to ________ they lose cilia and decrease in height during luteolysis

Answer 7

Ciliated cells of the walls of the oviduct

Enlarge in response to estrogen

Lose cilia and decrease in height in response to porogesterone

Question 8

Two specialty cells within the walls of the oviduct

Answer 8

Ciliated cells
Peg cells (non ciliated secretory cells) - secrete nutrients for egg during migration (increase in response to estrogen)

Question 9

Layers of the wall of the oviduct

Answer 9

Mucosal layer
Smooth muscle layer
Serosa layer

Question 10

Simple culumnar epithelium of the uterus with simple tubular endometrial glands that has a functional layer and a basal layer (function lost during menstruation, basal retained)

Answer 10

Endometrium

Question 11

Layer of the uterus that has poorly defined smooth muscle

Contains stratum vascular

Answer 11

Myometrium

Question 12

Which layer of the endometrium is retained during menstruation

Answer 12

Basal layer

Question 13

What arteries supply the functional layer of the endometrium

Answer 13

Spiral arteries

Question 14

Outermost layer of the uterus

Answer 14

Perimetrium

Question 15

Layer of uterus covered by serosa on its posterior portion and part of anterior (outer layer)

Answer 15

Perimeterum

Question 16

In the endometrium, arcuate arteries supply both the basal and functional layers:
________ segments supply basal layer
________ segments supply functional layer

Answer 16

Straight segments supply basal

Coiled segments supply functional layer (stretches with endometrial growth)

Question 17

Proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle

Answer 17

Days 5-14
Glands proliferate and cover surface
Spiral arteries elongate and become convoluted
Extend from the basal into functional layer

Estrogen dependent

Question 18

Secretory phase of the menstrual cycle

Answer 18

Days 15-28
Glands are convoluted - take on saw tooth appearance
Endometrium reaches max thickness
Spiral arteries continue to grow and extend into functional layer
Considerable leukocyte infiltration
Estrogen and progesterone dependent

Question 19

Ischemic phase of menstrual cycle

Answer 19

Regression of corpus luteum
Reduction in blood supply causes intermittent ischemia
Necrosis of functional layer

Question 20

Menstrual phase of menstrual cycle

Answer 20

Stratu functionalis has sloughed away
Numerous RBCs and leukocytes
Stratu basalis remains intact

Question 21

If pregnancy takes place _____ cells in lamina propria increase in size, store lipids and glycogen

Answer 21

Decidual cells

Question 22

Endometriosis:

Clusters of ________ become ______ outside the _________

Answer 22

Clusters of endometrium become implanted outside the uterus

Question 23

Symptoms of endometriosis

Answer 23

Dysmenorrhea
Menorrhagia
Enometrorrhagia
Infertility

Question 24

Structure that comminicates with the uterine cavity and vagina through he endocervix

Answer 24

Cervix

Question 25

The cervix contains mucosa with deep ______, that mimic mucous secreting tubular glands

Answer 25

Deep crypts

Increase SA of mucous producing simple columnar cells
Crypt height varies with time of menstruated cycle and secretory activity

Question 26

If Cervical crypts become occluded and dilated they can form ________ cysts

Answer 26

Nabothan

Question 27

Epithelium of the ectocervix

Answer 27

Stratified squamous eptheliu