Histology Of The Menstrual Cycle Flashcards
Cycle where several ovarian folicles, each housing a primary oocyte, undergo folliculogenesis in preparation for ovulation
Ovarian cycle
Cycle where endometrium prepares for implantation
If fertilization does not occur, the endometrium is shed, menstruation occurs and a new menstrual cycle starts
Uterine cycle
Structure that catches ovulated secondary oocyte
Nourishes oocyte and sperm
Provide fertilization micronvironment
Transport embryo to uterus
Oviduct/uterine tubes
Regions of the uterine tube
Infundibulum w/ fimbriae
Long and thin walled ampulla
Short and thick walled isthmus
Intramural portion that opens into uterus
Route of secondary oocyte through oviduct regions
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Uterine part
The wall of the uterine tube is _______ ______ epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
_____ cells help oocyte move through the oviduct
In response to _______, they enlarge, grow in height and produce cilia during folliculogenesis
In response to ________ they lose cilia and decrease in height during luteolysis
Ciliated cells of the walls of the oviduct
Enlarge in response to estrogen
Lose cilia and decrease in height in response to porogesterone
Two specialty cells within the walls of the oviduct
Ciliated cells Peg cells (non ciliated secretory cells) - secrete nutrients for egg during migration (increase in response to estrogen)
Layers of the wall of the oviduct
Mucosal layer
Smooth muscle layer
Serosa layer
Simple culumnar epithelium of the uterus with simple tubular endometrial glands that has a functional layer and a basal layer (function lost during menstruation, basal retained)
Endometrium
Layer of the uterus that has poorly defined smooth muscle
Contains stratum vascular
Myometrium
Which layer of the endometrium is retained during menstruation
Basal layer
What arteries supply the functional layer of the endometrium
Spiral arteries
Outermost layer of the uterus
Perimetrium
Layer of uterus covered by serosa on its posterior portion and part of anterior (outer layer)
Perimeterum
In the endometrium, arcuate arteries supply both the basal and functional layers:
________ segments supply basal layer
________ segments supply functional layer
Straight segments supply basal
Coiled segments supply functional layer (stretches with endometrial growth)
Proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle
Days 5-14
Glands proliferate and cover surface
Spiral arteries elongate and become convoluted
Extend from the basal into functional layer
Estrogen dependent
Secretory phase of the menstrual cycle
Days 15-28
Glands are convoluted - take on saw tooth appearance
Endometrium reaches max thickness
Spiral arteries continue to grow and extend into functional layer
Considerable leukocyte infiltration
Estrogen and progesterone dependent
Ischemic phase of menstrual cycle
Regression of corpus luteum
Reduction in blood supply causes intermittent ischemia
Necrosis of functional layer
Menstrual phase of menstrual cycle
Stratu functionalis has sloughed away
Numerous RBCs and leukocytes
Stratu basalis remains intact
If pregnancy takes place _____ cells in lamina propria increase in size, store lipids and glycogen
Decidual cells
Endometriosis:
Clusters of ________ become ______ outside the _________
Clusters of endometrium become implanted outside the uterus
Symptoms of endometriosis
Dysmenorrhea
Menorrhagia
Enometrorrhagia
Infertility
Structure that comminicates with the uterine cavity and vagina through he endocervix
Cervix
The cervix contains mucosa with deep ______, that mimic mucous secreting tubular glands
Deep crypts
Increase SA of mucous producing simple columnar cells
Crypt height varies with time of menstruated cycle and secretory activity
If Cervical crypts become occluded and dilated they can form ________ cysts
Nabothan
Epithelium of the ectocervix
Stratified squamous eptheliu
