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Endo-Repro Final > Development of the Genital System > Flashcards

Development of the Genital System Flashcards

1
Q

during what week does sexual differentiate begin

A

week 7

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2
Q

at what week can male and female genitalia be recognized?

A

week 12

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3
Q

at what week are phenotypic differentations complete

A

week 20

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4
Q

primordial germ cells are specified in what early germ layer?

A

epiblast layer

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5
Q

around week 5, the primordial germ cells migrate up the dorsal mesentery to enter what structure

A

the genital ridge

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6
Q

somatic support cells in males and females

A

males: sertoli cells
female: follicle cells

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7
Q

somatic support cells originate from what structure/cell type

A

proliferating body epithelium cells displaced by germ cells

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8
Q

both mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts in the embryo develop from what layer

A

intermediate mesoderm

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9
Q

the mesonephric duct is also known as the _____ duct

A

wolffian duct

part of early kidney development

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10
Q

the paramesonephric duct is also known as the ____ duct

A

mullerian duct

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11
Q

in males, the wolffian duct (derived from the _____ duct) remains to form what structures

A

mesonephric - epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts

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12
Q

in females, the mullerian ducts (derived from the _____ duct) remains to form what structures

A

paramesonephric - oviduct, uterus, upper vagina

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13
Q

sexual dimorphism is dependent on what chromosome

A

Y chromosome but also dependent on autosomes as well

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14
Q

what is the sex determining region of the y chromosome

A

the SRY gene

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15
Q

the SRY gene determines what

A

gonad type

which determines duct and genitalia development

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16
Q

in the absence of SRY, development of what phenotype occurs

A

female

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17
Q

SRY gene is expressed in what cell type

A

the somatic support cells (pre-sertoli)

sertoli cells surround primordial germ cells to organize seminiferous tubules

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18
Q

a subset of undifferentiated tubular cells are induced by the _____ cells to produce what hormone
what are these cells called

A

sertoli cells
testosterone
leydig cells

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19
Q

what is the major transcription factor driven by SRY gene

A

sox9

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20
Q

what is the primary target of sox9 gene

A

anti-mullerian hormone

results in regression of mullerian (paramesonephric) duct between weeks 8-10

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21
Q 
the \_\_\_\_ cells drive mesonephric ducts to form 
efferent ductules 
epididymus 
vas deferens 
seminal vesicles
A

leydig cells

22
Q

derivatives of the mesonephros

A

efferent ductueles
epididymus
vas deferens
seminal vesicles

23
Q

fetal leydig cells produce what two enzymes

A

testosterone (weeks 8012) driven by HCG from placenta
induces mesonephric duct to form ductus deferens, epididymus, seminal vesicles

5alpha reductase to turn testosterone into dihydrostestosterone which induces
genital tubercle to become penis
genital swellings to become scrotum
urethral epithelium to form prostate

24
Q

adult leydig cells produce what hormones to drive what differentiation

A

andorgens
initiation of spermatogenesis
masculinization of brain
male sexual behavior

25
Q

products of sertoli cells

A

AMH (regression of paramesonephric duct)

Androgen binding factor (spermatogonia –> spermatazoa)

26
Q

seminal vesicles are derived form what duct

A

mesonephric dcut

intermediate mesoderm of urogenital ridge

27
Q

prostate is formed by buds of _____ from the UG sinus in t he region of pelvic urethra during what week

A

buds of endoderm

week 10

28
Q

prostate and _____ are derived from endoderm

A

bulbourethral glands

29
Q

rupture of cloacal membrane opens phallic portion of urogenital sinus to exterior forming endodermally lined plate called the ______ plate

A

urogenital plate

30
Q

remnants of cloacal membrane at the ventral end of the urogenital plate and adjacent genital tubercle

A

glans plate

31
Q

swelling of mesoderm covered by ectoderm at the vetnral and cranial end of phallic portion of urogenital plate

A

genital tubercle

32
Q

_____ drives lengthening and growth of genital tubercle and fusion of labioscrotal swellings to form scrotum

A

Dihydrotestosterone

33
Q

in the presence of DHT, the labioscrotal swellings fuse to form what adult structure

A

scrotum

34
Q

second most common birth defect after cryptorchidism

A

hypospadias

urethral folds didnt fuse

35
Q

without the SRY gene, what transcription factor is able to suppress SOX9

A

Wnt-4

36
Q

along with wnt4, what transcription factor suppresses SOX9 constantly

A

FOXL2

37
Q

somatic cells not under the signal of Sox9 form what type of cells

A

follicle and primoridal germ cells (–> oogonia)

38
Q

without sertoli cells, no AMH is produced, therefore the ____ ducts develop and form

A

the paramesonephric ducts develop and fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper portion of vagina are formed

39
Q

without leydig cell, the signal to retain the ____ duct is lost

A

wollfian (mesonephric)

40
Q

fusion of the ______ _____ ducts form the uterus

A

fusion of the inferior paramesonephric ducts

41
Q

uterine tubes are the unfused portion of the ________ ducts

A

paramesonephric ducts

42
Q

the upper vagina is derived from ________

the lower vagina is derived from ________

A

upper - mesoderm

lower - endoderm

43
Q

the superficial vagina begins as what structure

A

sinovaginal bulbs

44
Q

without the signal of DHT, the genital tubercle is not lengthened and the urogenital folds dont fuse resulting in what two structures

A

labia minora

labia majora

45
Q

formation of the broad ligament

A

midline fusion of the parameso0nephric ducts brings lower urogenital ridge within the pelvic cavity and its covered inn peritoneum
upon completion of uterus and oviduct formation, the remaining tissue thins forming a double fold of peritoneum

46
Q

congenital conditiosn in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, and anatomic sex is atypical

A

disorders of sex development

47
Q

XY DSDs

A

XY 46 ahs testis but phenotype is female

caused by
inadequate testosterone synthesis
17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3

androgen insensitivity syndrome

5-alpha reductase deficiency

mutations in AMH or AMH receptor

48
Q

characteristics of androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

commonly caused by loss of fucntional androgen receptors

have testis but no spermatogenesis; testosterone levels may be high
testosterone at puberty is metabolized to estradiol initiating female secondar ycharactersitics but patients exhibit amenorrhea

no uterus or uterine tubes; vagina is short and ends blindly

49
Q

5 alpha reductase deficiency

A

46 XY genotype
autosomal recessive
normal testis and duct system

underdeveloped male external genitalia
depending on level of deficiency, can exhibit external female phenotype

50
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

most common cause of female sexual ambiguity

46 XX
have ovaries but produce androgens

masculinization of the female external genitalia; may even exhibit fusion of labia giving appearance of scrotum

51
Q

ovotesticular disorders

A

true interseexuality
have both testicular and ovarian tissue
ambiguous external genitalia or predominatnly female; usually have a uterus
caused by: translocation of piece of Y onto X, subset of cdells may have mutation in Y, oanomaly in sex determination and differentiation of primoridal germ cells

Endo-Repro Final (8 decks)

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