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Endo/Repro > Histology of the Male Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

Histology of the Male Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Sertoli cells are supportive cells that are predominant before puberty. What is one of the major functions of this cell type?

A

Provide crypts for developing spermatogenic cells

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2
Q

What is the site of spermatogenesis?

A

The seminiferous tubules

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3
Q

What are the three regions of the seminiferous tubules?

A

Seminiferous epithelium

tunica propria

Interstitium

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4
Q

What are the cells of the seminiferous epithelium?

A

–Sertoli cells
–Spermatogenic cells

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5
Q

What are the cells of the tunica propria of the seminiferous tubules?

A

Myoid cells

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6
Q

What are the cells of the interstitium of the seminiferous tubules?

A

Leydig Cells

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7
Q

What are the distinct characteristics of Type A spermatogonium (Sa)?

A

Large round or oval nucleus. Found closest to the basal lamina.

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8
Q

What are the distinct characteristics of the Type B spermatogonium?

A
  • Dispersed chromatin with prominent nucleolus
  • Further from basal lamina
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9
Q

What are the sperm cells found in the adluminal compartment? Describe them.

A

–Primary spermatocyte (S1)
•Large nucleus with clumps or threads of chromatin
•Copius cytoplasm
–Secondary spermatocyte (S2)
•Rapidly dividing therefore not see

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10
Q

What sperm cells are near the lumen? Describe them

A

–Spermatid (S3)
•Dense, round nucleus
–Spermatozoon (S4)
•Dense, pointed nucleus

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11
Q

What are the distinguishing characteristics of the sertoli cells?

A

–Triangular or ovoid nucleus with prominent nucleolus and dispersed chromatin

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12
Q

What are the phases of spermatogenesis?

A
  1. Spermatogonial phase
  2. spermatocyte phase
  3. spermatid phase
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13
Q

What happens in the spermatogonial phase?

A
  • Undergo mitosis
  • Replenish germ cell population (Type A)
  • Create committed spermatogonia that will differentiate (Type B)
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14
Q

What happens in the spermatocyte phase?

A
  • Undergo meiosis
  • Primary spermatocytes (4n) undergo first meiotic division
  • Secondary spermatocytes (2n) undergo second meiotic division
  • Create spermatids (1n)
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15
Q

What happens in the spermatid phase?

A
  • Undergo spermiogenesis
  • No further division, just maturation
  • Extensive cell remodeling to mature spermatozoa
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16
Q

What do myoid cells secrete? What do they promote?

A

•Collagen secreting
•Contractile to promote peristalsis
–Sperm non-motile at this point

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17
Q

What is the clinical correlate regarding peritubular cells?

A

AKA Myoid cells

Thicken with aging, associated with infertility

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18
Q

What do Leydig cells produce? When are they active?

A

•Androgen-producing
–Primarily testosterone
–Normally, resembling fibroblasts and inactive from birth to puberty

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19
Q

What are the key histological features of Leydig cells?

A

•Polygonal, eosinophilic
•Abundant sER
•Contain lipid droplets
•Sometimes present in cytoplasm:
–Lipofuscin
–Crystals of Reinke
»Rod-shaped cytoplasmic protein deposits
»Unknown function

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20
Q

What are the components of the intratesticular ducts?

A

Straight Tubules (tubuli recti)

Rete Testes

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21
Q

What cell types are found in the straight tubules? What is this section of the intratesticular ducts?

A
  • Short ,terminal portion of seminiferous tubules
  • Sertoli cells only transitioning into cuboidal epithelium
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22
Q

The Rete testes are anastamosing channels of simple cuboidal or low columnar epithelium. What are two key characteristics of this portion of the intratesticular ducts?

A

Apical cilia and microvilli

23
Q

What are the the four components of the male reproductive system?

A
  1. Testes
  2. Excurrent Duct System
  3. Accessory Glands
  4. Penis
24
Q

What are the components of the excurrent duct system?

A

–Epididymis
–Vas deferens
–Ejaculatory duct
–Urethra

25
Q

What are the components of the accessory glands?

A

Seminal Vesicle

Prostate

Bulbourethral glands

26
Q

What do the efferent ductules do? What tissue types are these similar to?

A

–Drain rete testes into epididymis
–Transitional but similar to epididymal epithelium and smooth muscle

27
Q

The epidydimus is a long, convoluted duct. What is its function?

A

–Function is to accumulate and store spermatozoa for maturation

28
Q

What does the epidydimus consist of?

A

•Smooth muscle
–Increases from one to three layers as it moves distally
•Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
–Prinicipal cells
»Decrease in height as it moves distally
»Contain stereocilia
•Long microvilli
–Basal cells
»Small, round stem cells at basal lamina

29
Q

What does the vas deferens do?

A

–Conducts spermatozoa from epididymis to urethra

30
Q

The ductus deferens is a thick walled muscular tube, what does it consist of?

A

•Smooth muscle
–Inner and outer longitudinal layers
–Intermediate circular layer
•Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
–Closely resemble epididymis
–Contains longitudinal folds for expansion

31
Q

What is the ejaculatory duct the combination of? What does it travel through?

A

The vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle.

Travels through the prostate

32
Q

The seminal vesicles are paired highly folded tubular glands that secrete 85% of seminal fluid volume. What are the three main components of this structure?

A

smooth muscle

mucosa

fibrous coat

33
Q

Describe the mucosa of the seminal vesicle!

A
34
Q

What does the prostate gland secrete?

A

–Secrete alkaline fluid that contributes the other 15% of seminal fluid volume

35
Q

The prostate is a combination of 30+ tubuloalveolar glands. What are the glandular components?

A

Glandular Epithelium

Lumen

36
Q

Describe the cells of the prostate glandular epithelium.

A

–Glandular epithelium
»Thrown into folds
»Tall columnar cells
•Basal nuclei
•Pale-staining cytoplasm with vacuoles
»Basal cells

37
Q

How can you easily identify the lumen of the prostate gland?

A

»Corpora amylacea (prostatic concretions)
•Calcified cellular secretions
•May appear lamellar

(Ball sand?)

38
Q

What is the prostate stroma composed of?

A

–Fibromuscular (collagen and smooth muscle)

39
Q

What are the four anatomical zones of the prostate gland?

A
  1. Transitional zone
  2. central zone
  3. peripheral zone
  4. anterior fibromuscular stroma
40
Q

What does the transitional zone of the prostate surround? What do we see arise here?

A

–Surrounds prostatic urethra (5%)
–Most benign nodular hyperplasia arise here

41
Q

What is the most obvious sign of benign nodular hyperplasia arising in the transitional zone?

A

Compression of the urethra.

42
Q

What does the central zone of the prostate surround?

A

Ejaculatory duct

43
Q

What is the bulk of the prostate gland? What arises here?

A

–peripheral zone (70%)
–Most cases of carcinoma arise here

44
Q

What kind of glandular tissue is found in the anterior fibromuscular stroma? Describe the capsule that surrounds this structure.

A

–Contains no glandular tissue
–Only part not enclosed by capsule

45
Q

What are the components of the penis?

A
  1. Corpora cavernosa
  2. Corpus spongiosum
  3. tunica albuginea
  4. skin
46
Q

What are the corpora cavernosa?

A

Two dorsal masses of erectile tissue

47
Q

What is the corpus spongiosum?

A

–One ventral mass of erectile tisse
–Penile urethra embedded here

48
Q

What is the tunica albuginea of the penis?

A

–Fibroelastic capsule around the three erectile tissue masses

49
Q

Erectile tissue is composed of wide, irregularly shaped vascular sinuses. What is it lined by? Surrounded by?

A
  • Lined with vascular endothelium
  • Surrounded by fibrocollagenous stroma with irregular smooth muscle bundles
50
Q

Where are helicine arteries found? What are they?

A

In erectile tissue.

•Thick-walled anastomosing arteries and arterioles

51
Q

What tissue is the urethra composed of?

A

–Primarily stratified or pseudostratified columnar epithelium

52
Q

What are the three parts of the urethra?

A

•Penile urethra (spongy urethra)
–Highly convoluted
•Prostatic urethra
–Transitional epithelium
•Urethral meatus (external opening)
–Stratified squamous epithelium

53
Q

What do the paraurethral glands do?

A
  • Mucoid secretions for lubrication
  • Simple coiled tubular glands
54
Q

Describe the bulbourethral glands. What do they secrete?

A
  • Pea-sized structure at initial portion of penile urethra
  • Mucoid secretions for lubrication
  • Compound tubuloalveolar

Endo/Repro (19 decks)

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