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M2 GI/Nutrition > Histology of the Liver, Gallbladder & Pancreas - Cirilo > Flashcards

Histology of the Liver, Gallbladder & Pancreas - Cirilo Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four functional tissue elements of the liver?

A

Connective Tissue
Large Vessels (blood, lymph, nerves, bile ducts)
Sinusoidal Capillaries
Hepatocytes

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2
Q

What does the hepatic portal vein do?

What does the central vein carry?

A

carries venous blood into the liver

carries venous blood away from the liver

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3
Q

Where does portal vein blood come from? Why?

A

Intestines- organization of nutrients/filtering
Pancreas- circulates glucagon and insulin
Spleen- recirculates heme

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4
Q

What role do the sinusoids play?

A

they act to distribute blood from the portal veins to the hepatocytes

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5
Q

What makes up the portal triad?

A

Portal Vein
Hepatic Artery
Bile Duct
Lymphatics

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6
Q

What type of capillaries are the sinusoids?

A

Type III (large gaps between cells)

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7
Q

What two types of cells make up sinusoids?

A 
Endothelial cells (fenestrated)
Macrophages (Kupffer cells)
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8
Q

What is the ‘space of Disse’? Where is it in relation to the sinusoids?

A

Space for exchange of substances

It surrounds the sinusoids

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9
Q

What is in the space of Disse?

A

Stellate cells

Hepatocyte microvilli

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10
Q

What do stellate cells do?

A

Store Vitamin A

Synthesize reticular fibers

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11
Q

What are the three functional units of the liver?

A

Classic lobule (hexagon of hepatocytes surrounding a central vein)

Portal lobule (3 central veins surrounding the portal area)

Liver acinus (2 central veins, 2 portal areas, forming a diamond)

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12
Q

How is the liver acinus further subdivided?

How are these areas different?

A

Zone 1,2, and 3

Zone 1 is closest to the artery, stores the most glycogen and receives the most toxins

Zone 3 is farther away from both nutrients and toxins

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13
Q

How are hepatocytes arranged?

A

“plates” 1-2 cells thick sandwiched by sinusoids

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14
Q

What do hepatocytes look like histologically?

A
  • Large spherical nucleus
  • Typically binucleate (tetraploidy)
  • Multiple RER and Mitochondria
  • Glycogen and lipid droplets
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15
Q

What is the reticular network?

What makes up the reticular network?

What synthesizes the reticular network?

A

Parenchyma that supports the hepatocytes and sinusoids

collagen III

stellate cells

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16
Q

Where is bile synthesized?

A

In the hepatocytes

17
Q

How does the bile collect into gall bladder?

A

ATPase transfers the bile into the canaliculi

The canaliculi form canals of Herring

18
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the biliary duct?

A

cuboidal epithelium

19
Q

How much bile is secreted everyday?

How much bile does the gallbladder store per day?

A

1 liter

100mL (The wording in the slide confused me, but I think they are implying that most of the bile in the intestinal tract at any one time)

20
Q

What is the mucosa of the gallbladder like?

A

Simple columnar epithelium
short apical microvili
basally located nucleus

21
Q

What is the macrostructure of the pancreas?

A

Highly lobular connected by loose collagenous tissue

22
Q

Arrange the following pancreatic ducts in order of size:

pancreatic, interlobular, intralobular, intercalated

A 
(smallest)
intercalated
intralobular
interlobular
pancreatic
(largest)
23
Q

What is the endocrine unit of the pancreas?

Where in the pancreas is it found?

A

Islet of Langerhans

randomly distributed throughout the exocrine tissue

24
Q

What is the exocrine unit of the pancreas?

A

Acini

25
Q

What pancreatic cells respond to CCK?

What cells respond to secretin?

A

Acinar cells secrete zymogen granules

Centroacinar cells secrete alkaline fluid

26
Q

What is seen in acinar cells?

A

pyramidal shape
basal nucleus
zymogen granules
extensive RER

27
Q

How are mature zymogen granules different from immature granules?

How can you tell them apart?

A

mature granules have been modified by the golgi apparatus

on electron microscopy, mature granules are darker

28
Q

What path do pancreatic enzymes follow to get to the duodenum?

A

Centroacinar lumen—> intralobular ducts—>interlobular ducts—>main pancreatic duct

M2 GI/Nutrition (43 decks)

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