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BMS08 > Histology Of Soft Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Histology Of Soft Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What does soft connective tissue generally comprise of?

A

Cells embedded in abundant extracellular matrix

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2
Q

What is the most abundant cell in soft connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

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3
Q

What are the functions of soft connective tissue? (5)

A

Space filler + protection

Attachment + mechanical support

Highway for nutrient diffusion

Storage of fat and calcium

Site of immunological defence

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4
Q

What are the five main types of soft connective tissue?

A

Mesenchyme (embryonic)

Loose/areolar (mesentery, under dermis)

Dense (tendons, dermis, organ capsules)

Reticular (bone marrow, lymph nodes)

Adipose (fat)

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5
Q

What does the extracellular matrix consist of?

A

Proteins (mainly glycoproteins)

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

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6
Q

What synthesises and secretes the major proteins of a general extracellular matrix?

A

Fibroblasts

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7
Q

What is the function of collagen in the ECM?

A

Tensile strength

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8
Q

What is the structure of collagen?

A

Rod-shaped triple helix of polypeptides

Highly ordered inextensible fibres

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9
Q

How long can one collagen fibril be?

A

420nm

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10
Q

Where is type I collagen found?

A

Skin

Bone

Tendons

Dentin

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11
Q

Where is type II collagen found?

A

Cartilage

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12
Q

Where is type III collagen found?

A

Blood vessels

Skin

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13
Q

Where is type IV collagen found?

A

Basement membrane (sheet collagen)

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14
Q

What makes up elastic fibres?

A

Network of microfibrils of fibrillin with a core of cross-linked elastin

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15
Q

How are elastin molecules held together?

A

Covalent bonds

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16
Q

How does the structure/arrangement of elastin molecules change from relaxed to stretched?

A

Relaxed - random structure

Stretched/deformed - pulled apart to a wider arrangement as it stores energy to recoil

17
Q

Where is the greatest density of elastic fibres and why?

A

Aorta

Highest pressure

18
Q

How many cycles of stretch-recoil can an elastic fibre withstand before losing elasticity?

A

Over 2 billion

19
Q

What part of the cytoskeleton is associated with integrins?

A

Actin

20
Q

What are the major ECM proteins for cell binding?

A

Fibronectin + collagens

Tenascin (sounds)

Laminin (attaches epithelia to basal lamina)

21
Q

What is another word for glycosaminoglycans?

A

Mucopolysaccharides

22
Q

Which GAG is not synthesised as a proteoglycan?

A

Hyaluron

23
Q

What is the structure of a GAG?

A

70-200 unit polymers formed from a repeating disaccharide subunit

24
Q

What causes GAGs to have such a large volume?

A

SO3- and COO- groups
High density of negative charge
Attracts lots of water so very hydrated

Sugar chains too stiff to fold into compact structures (negative charges repel)

25
Q

What allows the ECM to withstand compressive pressure?

A

Turgor created by water (hydrated GAGs)

26
Q

How much of the ECM mass is GAGs?

A

<10%

27
Q

What are the three indigenous cells of the soft connective tissue? What are their functions?

A

Fibroblasts (produce ECM elements)

Adipocytes (fat storage and leptin secretion)

Mast cells (histamine secretion)

28
Q

What forms most of the indigenous cells of soft connective tissue? Which is the exception?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

Mast cells

29
Q

What are the immigrant cells of soft connective tissue? (6)

A

(Immune system cells)

Lymphocytes

Neutrophils

Monocytes/macrophages

Dendritic cells

Eosinophils

Basophils

BMS08 (7 decks)

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