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BMS08 > Histology Of Epithelial Tissues > Flashcards

Histology Of Epithelial Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of epithelia?

A

Cover body surfaces

Line internal cavities

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2
Q

What does epithelia rest on?

A

Basement membrane of extracellular proteins (extracellular matrix)

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3
Q

What does pseudostratified mean?

A

All cells in contact with basement membrane but nuclei are at different levels

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4
Q

What does stratified mean?

A

Layers of cells

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5
Q

What is an important feature of transitional epithelium?

A

Able to stretch and recoil back to its original shape

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6
Q

Where is transitional epithelium found?

A

Urinary tract - ureters, bladder, etc

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7
Q

How do epithelial cells get their nutrients?

A

Diffusion from capillaries in connective tissue

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8
Q

What does keratinised mean?

A

Layer of dead/dehydrated cells

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9
Q

Where are brush-border cells found?

A

Small intestine (microvilli)

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10
Q

Where are ciliated cells found?

A

Respiratory tract

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11
Q

What is an important function of a basement membrane in the body?

A

Acts as a sieve in the glomerulus (glomerular filtration)

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12
Q

Where do most glands originate from?

A

Epithelium

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13
Q

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

A

Exocrine glands secrete into tubules (into cavities)

Endocrine glands secrete into bloodstream

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14
Q

Give an example of an exocrine gland

A

Pancreas

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15
Q

Do glands ever penetrate the basement membrane?

A

No

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16
Q

Describe exocrine gland formation

A

Epithelium protrudes downwards

Stalk becomes a duct

Cells at the end/bottom become specialised/secretory

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17
Q

Describe endocrine gland formation

A

‘Bag’ of epithelium contained within a basement membrane detaches

Bag moves down into connective tissue

Bag invaded by capillaries

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18
Q

What are the simple types of exocrine glands?

A

Tubular

Acinar

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19
Q

What are the three mechanisms of exocrine secretion?

A

Merocrine

Apocrine

Holocrine

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20
Q

What is merocrine secretion?

A

Secretory vesicles fuse with cell surface membrane and secretory product is discharged

21
Q

What function is related to merocrine secretion?

A

Digestion

22
Q

What is apocrine secretion?

A

Part of apical cytoplasm is lost with secretory product

23
Q

What function is related to apocrine secretion?

A

Sweating

24
Q

What is holocrine secretion?

A

Breakdown and discharge of entire secretory cell

25
Q

What function is related to holocrine secretion?

A

Sebum production

26
Q

What are the functions of cell junctions? (3)

A

Keep epithelial sheets tightly bound

Barriers

Communication

27
Q

What are the 6 types of cell junctions?

A

Focal adhesions

Tight junction

Adherens junction

Desmosome

Hemidesmosome

Gap junction

28
Q

What is the function of a tight junction?

A

Prevent leakage (by sealing neighbouring cells together)

29
Q

What is the function of an adherens junction?

A

Join actin bundles between two cells

30
Q

What is the function of a desmosome?

A

Join intermediate filaments between two cells

31
Q

What is the function of a gap junction?

A

Allow passage of small, water-soluble molecules/ions between cells

32
Q

What is the function of a hemidesmosome?

A

Anchor intermediate filaments in a cell to the basal lamina

33
Q

What are the three anchoring junctions?

A

Desmosomes

Hemidesmosomes

Adherens

34
Q

What do anchoring junctions provide?

A

Rigidity and stability

35
Q

What proteins do desmosomes contain?

A

Cadherins

36
Q

What proteins do hemidesmosomes contain?

A

Integrins

37
Q

How do cadherin proteins bind?

A

Homophilically

38
Q

What is homophilic binding?

A

Binding to an exact copy

39
Q

What do cadherins exist as? (Molecularly)

A

Dimers

40
Q

How do anchoring junctions appear on transmission electron micrographs?

A

Thick plaque (they are electron dense)

41
Q

What proteins do adherens junctions consist of?

A

Cadherins

Linking proteins

Actin

42
Q

What are the two non-anchoring junctions?

A

Tight

Gap

43
Q

How are tight junctions important in digestion?

A

Allows build up of concentration gradients

44
Q

What proteins does a tight junction consist of?

A

Claudin

Occludin

45
Q

How do tight junctions bind?

A

Homophilically

46
Q

How small must a molecule be to pass through a gap junction?

A

<1000 Daltons

47
Q

What are gap junctions made up of?

A

Connexons

48
Q

What are connexons made up of?

A

6 connexins in a ring (channel)

BMS08 (7 decks)

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