histology of respiratory system Flashcards
what does the parasympathetic system innervate?
bronchoconstriction
mucous constriction
vasodilation
what does the sympathetic system innervate?
bronchodilation
what are the 4 layers of the respiratory system?
mucosa- epithelium
submucosa- seromucous glands
cartilage
adventitia- fibrous connective tissue that covers bronchial tree
what is the role of the adventitia?
connects trachea to surrounding tissue eg. thyroid and oesophagus
what is the trachea made of?
20 c-shaped tracheal hyaline cartilages
what is the connective tissue between the mucosa and submucosa called?
lamina propina
what are the gaps inbetween the trachea filled by?
tracheal muscle ad fibroelastic tissue
in what position are the oesophagus and the thyroid gland in regards to the trachea?
oesophagus is posterior
thyroid gland is anterior
what is the difference between extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary bronchi?
extrapulmonary bronchi- primary bronchi, closely resemble the trachea
intrapulmonary bronchi- less cartilage and does not go completely around the lumen
whats the difference between bronchioles and bronchi?
bronchioles- 1mm or less, more smooth muscle, clara cells that secrete surfactant
bronchi- goblet cells, ciliated cells, submucosal gland, cartilage
what kind of epithelium surrounds respiratory bronchioles?
ciliated cuboidal epithelium
wha are alveolar ducts surrounded by?
smooth muscle, elastin and collagen
what are alveolar sacs and alveoli surrounded by?
blood vessels and pulmonary capillaries
whats the alveolar barrier required for gas exchange?
0.2micrometers
describe bronchioles
lack cartilage thick smooth muscle layer non ciliated Clara cells epithelium is simple columnar no glands in lamina propina
