anatomy of respiratory system

Question 1

name the parts of the respiratory system

Answer 1

nose, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchus

Question 2

what’s the function of the nose

Answer 2

contains cilia and mucus and moistens air

Question 3

what’s the function of the pharynx?

Answer 3

connects nose and mouth

either joins with the larynx or goes on to form the oesophagus

Question 4

what’s the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 4

flap of tissue which closes when we swallow to prevent food and liquid from going into the lungs

Question 5

what can be found in the larynx?

Answer 5

vocal cords

Question 6

what’s the function of the trachea and what is it made of?

Answer 6

main and biggest airway
composed of rings of cartilage
travels from the larynx to the sternal angle
splits into 2 primary bronchi

Question 7

how many times does the bronchus split?

Answer 7

24 times, into smaller airways until they reach the alveoli

Question 8

what’s the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation?

Answer 8

pulmonary circulation moves blood between heart and lungs

systemic circulation moves blood between heart and the rest of the body

Question 9

what is the point of gas exchange between the cardiovascular and respiratory system?

Answer 9

alveoli

Question 10

list the functions of the respiratory system

Answer 10

gas exchange
acid base balance- regulation of body pH with renal system
protection of infection
communication- speech

Question 11

what organs make up the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 11

pharynx, nasal cavity, tongue, vocal cords, larynx

Question 12

what organs make up the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 12

trachea, right/left lung, right/left bronchus, diaphragm

Question 13

what does the conducting zone of the airways consist of?

Answer 13

trachea, bronchus and bronchioles

its the highest point of air flow resistance

Question 14

what does the respiratory zone consist of?

Answer 14

alveoli

Question 15

why doesn’t anatomical dead space not take part in gas exchange?

Answer 15

walls of airways are too thick

Question 16

what does airway resistance determine?

Answer 16

determines how much air flows into the lungs at any given pressure difference between atmosphere and alveoli. The major determinant of airway resistance is the radii of the airways

Question 17

what is the pleural cavity?

Answer 17

part of thoracic cavity

Question 18

what is tidal volume?

Answer 18

normal amount of air breathed in

0.5L

Question 19

what is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 19

extra air breathed in when exercising or when there is an increased energy demand
3L

Question 20

what is expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 20

extra air we can expire out if needed

1.1L

Question 21

what is dead space volume?

Answer 21

volume of gas occupied by conducting airways and isn’t available for exchange
150ml

Question 22

what is vital capacity?

Answer 22

inspiratory reserve volume+tidal volume
used in clinical respiratory physiology to measure lung volume
4.6L

Question 23

what is residual volume?

Answer 23

volume of air left in lungs after expiratory reserve
stops alveoli from collapsing so less energy is required to inflate alveoli in the next breath
1.2L

Question 24

which membrane is attached to the outer surface of the lungs?

Answer 24

visceral pleural

Question 25

which membrane is attached to the inner surface of the ribs and diaphragm?

Answer 25

parietal pleural

Question 26

what is the function of the visceral and parietal membranes?

Answer 26

stick lungs to ribcage

Question 27

what does pleural fluid do?

Answer 27

stops the lungs from recoiling

Question 28

what happens to the chest wall during inspiration?

Answer 28

expansion

Question 29

what leads to recoil of chest wall during expiration?

Answer 29

elastic connective tissue

Question 30

what is a pneumothorax?

Answer 30

air in the pleural cavity