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BMS03 > Histology Of Neural Tissue > Flashcards

Histology Of Neural Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of neural tissue?

A

Gather information

Transmit information (to processing area of brain and spinal cord)

Integration/process information

Send information to effector tissue

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2
Q

How many neurons are there in the brain?

A

More than 100 billion neurons

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3
Q

How many glial cells are in the brain?

A

10x the number of neurons

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4
Q

What is a multipolar neuron?

A

Many processes (dendrites) extending from soma/cell body

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5
Q

Give an example of a multipolar neuron

A

Spinal motor neuron

Pyramidal neuron

(Purkinje cell)

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6
Q

What is a bipolar neuron?

A

Two processes extending from cell body/soma

Axon and dendrite

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7
Q

Give an example of a bipolar neuron

A

Retinal cells

Olfactory epithelium cells

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8
Q

What is a pseudounipolar neuron?

A

Neuron with only one process

Axon that splits, one branch to spinal cord and other to skin/muscle

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9
Q

Give an example of a pseudounipolar neuron

A

Dorsal root ganglion cells

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10
Q

What part of an astrocyte forms the blood-brain barrier?

A

Astrocyte perivascular end-feet

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11
Q

What is the function of a dendrite?

A

Increase surface area for connections/synapsing with other neurons

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12
Q

What are the smaller processes on dendrites?

A

Dendritic spines

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13
Q

What part of the cell body faces the axon?

A

Axon hillock

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14
Q

What are Nissl bodies?

A

RER

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15
Q

What parts of the cytoskeleton are present in the axon?

A

Neurofilaments

Microtubules

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16
Q

What transports vesicles and enzyme systems towards the synapse?

A

Microtubules with kinesin

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17
Q

What part of the cytoskeleton drives dendritic spine protrusion and retraction?

A

Actin

18
Q

What increases the rate of action potential propagation?

A

Myelination

Higher temperature

Larger axon diameter

19
Q

How many axons can an oligodendrocyte myelinate?

A

Up to 16

20
Q

What is myelin?

A

Electrical insulator

Layers of modified membranes containing a higher proportion of lipid (than other cells)

21
Q

What are the gaps between myelinated sections called?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

22
Q

What are the sections between nodes of Ranvier called?

A

Internode

23
Q

How do action potentials travel along a myelinated axon?

A

Saltatory conduction

24
Q

What are regions of uncompacted myelin called?

A

Schmidt-Lanterman clefts

25
Q

What is the function of Schmidt-Lanterman clefts?

A

Allow maintenance of myelin

26
Q

What is the forebrain called?

A

Cerebrum

27
Q

What is the hindbrain called?

A

Cerebellum

28
Q

What is the function of the central nervous system?

A

Integrate inputs and coordinate outputs

29
Q

What causes Herpes Zoster “Shingles”?

A

Varicella zoster virus (resides in ganglia after initial “chicken-pox” infection)

30
Q

What stimuli does the somatic nervous system receive signals for?

A

Heat

Pain

Touch

31
Q

What does the somatic nervous system control?

A

Voluntary muscles

32
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

Involuntary muscles

Secretory glands

33
Q

Where does the sympathetic nervous system arise from (spinal cord)?

A

T1-L2

34
Q

What are the layers of connective tissue in nerves?

A

Endoneurium

Perineurium

Epineurium

35
Q

Where is endoneurium in a nerve?

A

Surrounding individual nerve fibres (axon and Schwann cells)

36
Q

Where is perineurium in a nerve?

A

Surrounding fascicles

37
Q

What does the perineurium consist of?

A

Layer of fibroblasts with cell to cell contact

38
Q

Where is epineurium in a nerve?

A

Surrounding the whole nerve

39
Q

On an electron micrograph of a nerve, what cells do the nuclei belong to?

A

Schwann cells

40
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

Set of muscle fibres innervated by the axonal branches of a single motor neuron

41
Q

What is the term used to describe the dynamic synaptic connections?

A

Plasticity

BMS03 (12 decks)

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