Histology of Endocrine Organs

Question 1

Pituitary gland

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the cell type?

Answer 2

Pars Distalis of the anterior pituitary gland

Question 3

What is this cell type?

Answer 3

Pars intermedia of the anterior pituitary gland

Question 4

What is this cell type?

Answer 4

Pars Nervosa of the posterior pituitary

Question 5

What is this cell type?

Answer 5

Infundibulum of the posterior pituitary

Question 6

How does hormone release occur in the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 6

Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal Tract

Question 7

What is the blood supply to the hypophysis that also allows hormones to travel via the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 7

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

Question 8

What pituitary disorder results if they have a tumor producing excess GH that forms BEFORE bone growth plates close?

Answer 8

Gigantism

Individual can grow 8 ft tall

If it happens after they close, their extremities and organs enlarge

Question 9

What disorder is caused by hyposecretion of GH

Answer 9

Pituitary dwarfs (sometimes can reach 5 ft with GH injections)

Question 10

What cell type is this?

Answer 10

Pineal gland

Question 11

What cell type is this?

What is stored extracellulary inside the colloids?

Answer 11

thyroglobulin (storage form of T3 + T4)

Question 12

What cell type is this? What does it do?

Answer 12

Parafollicular C Cells of thyroid

Secrete calcitonin when blood Ca2+ is increased

Question 13

What causes Grave’s Disease and what are some of the symptoms?

Answer 13

Abormal antibodies stimulate TSH receptors leading to the oversecretion of T3 + T4

Eyeballs protrude, more common in women

Question 14

What causes hypothyroidism? Symptoms?

Answer 14

Low T3 + T4 production

Weight gain, mentally sluggish

Question 15

What causes Goiters?

Answer 15

Iodine deficiency

You need iodine to convert thyrogobulin to T3 + T4, body keeps producing thyrogobulin but it can’t use it so you have a gigantic thyroid gland (usually see in 3rd world countries)

Question 16

What cell type is this?

Answer 16

Parathyroid Gland –> sits behind thyroid

Question 17

What 2 cells are found in parathyroid glands + what do chief cells release?

Answer 17

Chief cells –> PTH (dark)

Oxyphil cells (light)

Question 18

What does the zona glomerulosa secrete?

Answer 18

Aldosterone (salt)

Question 19

What does the zona fasciculata secrete?

Answer 19

Cortisol

Question 20

What does the zona reticularis secrete?

Answer 20

Androgens

Question 21

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

Answer 21

Epinephrine + NE via chromaffin cells

Question 22

What cell type is this?

Answer 22

Adrenal Gland

Question 23

What cell type is this?

Answer 23

Chromaffin cells from the adrenal medulla

NE= darker

Question 24

What two diseases stem from problems in the adrenal gland?

Answer 24

Addisons + Cushings

Question 25

What is addison’s disease?

Answer 25

Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids + mineralcorticoids

Blood glucose + sodium levels drop, rare, dehydration, fatigue

Question 26

What is Cushings Syndrome?

Answer 26

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids because of either a ACTH pituitary tumor or adrenal cortex tumor.

Patient has high blood glucose and swollen face, weight gain, lethargy

Question 27

What cell type is this?

Answer 27

Endocrine Pancreas

has islets + acini