Adrenal Glands Flashcards
List the 3 parts of the adrenal cortex and what they secrete:
REMEMBER: the deeper you go, the sweeter it gets
Zona glomerulosa: mineralcorticoid (aldosterone) –> salt
Zona fasciculata: glucocorticoids (cortisol) –> sugar
Zona reticularis: androgens –> sex
GFR
What is the stimulus that releases cortisol?
- Stress (physiological and exercise)
- Circadian Rhythm
What axis regulates cortisol secretion? Name the players:
What is the end goal of cortisol?
To increase blood sugar
At what time of day is cortisol secretion in high amounts?
What does ACTH affect?
Cortisol + Androgens
NOT Aldosterone
What are the symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome?
Cushing’s Syndrome:
Adrenal tumor
Increased ACTH
Cushing’s Disease:
Pituitary tumor
Decreased ACTH
What test tells you if you have Cushing’s?
Low-dose Dexamethasone suppression test
What test tells you what type of Cushing’s you have?
High-dose dexamethasone suppression test
How does the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test work?
It inhibits ADH,
so if ADH decreases –> Pituitary tumor (negative feedback)
If no change in ADH –> ectopic tumor
Where is ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) released? What does it contribute to?
Anterior Pituitary (POMC)
alpha-MSH –> Melanin Synthesis
Can cause hyperpigmentation
What is a main symptom in Addison’s disease?
Hyperpigmentation
What is Addison’s Disease?
Decreased cortisol secretion from an autoimmune disease that targets the adrenal gland. It causes CRH and ACTH to increase. The increased ACTH causes herperpigmentation.