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Block 1 Week 2 > Histology - Nerve > Flashcards

Histology - Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system arises from the embryonic ______

A

Ectoderm

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2
Q

In development, the CNS develops from the _____ ______

A

Neural tube

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3
Q

In development, the PNS arises from the ______ _______ ______

A

Neural crest cells

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4
Q

Meningiomas originate from the

A

Dura

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5
Q

On slides, spinal cord white matter appears ______ relative to ______ ______

A

Dark, grey matter

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6
Q

In the spinal cord, WHITE/GREY matter is located in the center line

A

Grey

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7
Q

In the brain, WHITE/GREY MATTER is located on the exterior surface of the brain

A

GREY

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8
Q

Astrocytomas can be recognized because they have increased ______ relative to normal white matter

A

Cellularity

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9
Q

In the brain, white matter is ______ cells while grey matter is ______ cells

A

Glial, nerve

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10
Q

Unipolar neurons can only be found in the CNS at the

A

Mesencephalic nucleus of the trigéminas nerve

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11
Q

Markers of normal neurons

A

Prominent nucleoli, Nissl substance (RER)

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12
Q

An upper motor neuron is also called a

A

Betz cell

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13
Q

Largest neurons in the body

A

Motor neurons

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14
Q

Nerve cells have a prominent _____ while glial cells do not

A

Nucleolus

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15
Q

Under a microscope, oligodendrocytes appear DARK/LIGHT while astrocytes appear DARK/LIGHT

A

Dark, light

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16
Q

Astrocytes can be ______ (white matter) or ______ (grey matter)

A

Fibrous, protoplasmic

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17
Q

Function of astrocytes

A

Part of blood-brain barrier, form scar tissue, support neurons

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18
Q

When the brain is injured, _____ astrocytes respond and can be differentiated from normal astrocytes because the ________ is visible

A

Reactive, cytoplasm

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19
Q

Function of oligodendrocytes

A

Produce myelin sheath

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20
Q

Oligodendrocytes can myelinate MANY/ONE axon(s)

A

Many

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21
Q

Microglia can be recognized by their ______ nucleus

A

Elongated

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22
Q

Function of microglia

A

Phagocytic scavenging, activity during inflammation and repair

23
Q

This type of cell is the primary site of HIV infection in the CNS

A

Microglia

24
Q

Function of ependymal cells

A

Line ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord and produce CSF

25
Q

Pigmented portion of the midbrain

A

Substantia nigra

26
Q

What observable changes occur in the SN during Parkinson’s?

A

Loss of pigmentation, formation of Lewy bodies

27
Q

Pigmented region of pond

A

Locus coeruleus

28
Q

3 pigmented neurons in the brain

A

SN, LC, dorsal nuclei of vague nerve

29
Q

Where are nuclei located in the cerebellum?

A

Cerebellar folia

30
Q

Traits of the choroid plexus

A

Consists of folds of pia mater, contains loose CT with fenestrated capillaries, found in ventricles

Papillary architecture and microcalcifications (psammoma bodies)

31
Q

The choroid plexus contains specialized ependymal cells that produce ____

A

CSF

32
Q

Normal vs cancerous choroid plexus

A

Normal had cuboidal cells and a lumpy surface

Papilloma has columnar cells and a flat surface

33
Q

What are corpora amylacea?

A

Aggregates is carbs that develop inside astrocytes and accumulate under the pia mater

34
Q

Obersteiner-Redlich zone

A

Transition from CNS myelin to PNS myelin

35
Q

Cranial nerve origination points

A

1 and 2 emerge from forebrain (part of CNS)

3-12 arise from brainstorm (part of PNS)

36
Q

Define ganglia

A

Collection of neuronal cell bodies and their supporting cell structures outside the CNS

37
Q

Function of ganglia

A

Relay stations for sensory input and autonomic information

38
Q

Nerve fiber vs nerve

A

Nerve fiber is an axon or collection of axons + any surrounding sheath of ectodermal origin

Nerve is a group or bundle of nerve fibers covered by CT

*neither include neuron cell bodies

39
Q

Epineurium

A

Contains large blood vessels and fascicles of nerve fiber bundles

40
Q

Perineurium

A

Surrounds individual fascicles of nerve fibers, joined by tight junctions to isolate the nerve

41
Q

Endoneurium

A

Surrounds axons and Schwann cells. Composed of collagen

42
Q

Schwann cell function

A

Myelinate in the PNS

43
Q

Dorsal root ganglia

A

Contain cell bodies of sensory (afferent) nerves

Also called spinal ganglia

44
Q

Autonomic ganglia

A

Contain cell bodies of parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic nerves

45
Q

Function of satellite cells

A

Control over micro environment of sympathetic ganglia, similar to astrocytes in the CNS

Supply nutrients, protection, express receptors that interact with neuroactive chemicals

46
Q

Origin of satellite cells

A

Type of glial cell that is similar in origin to Schwann cells. Surround neural bodies in ganglia

47
Q

Myenteric plexus location and alternate name

A

GI tract, Auerbach’s plexus

48
Q

Lack of ganglion cells in myenteric plexus leads to

A

Hirschsprung’s disease (congenital aganglionic megacolon) I.e. no bowel motility

49
Q

Mechanoreceptors in hairy skin

A

Ruffini corpuscles

Pacinian corpuscles

50
Q

Mechanoreceptors in glabrous skin

A

Meissner’s corpiscles, Merkel’s disk

51
Q

Ruffini corpuscles respond to

A

Indentation of skin

52
Q

Pacinian corpuscles respond to

A

Rapid vibrations, deep pressure

53
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles respond to

A

Stroking, fluttering, small bumps

54
Q

Merkel’s disk responds to

A

Compression

Block 1 Week 2 (8 decks)

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