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Histology > Histology Kidney & Urinary tract SIU Med > Flashcards

Histology Kidney & Urinary tract SIU Med Flashcards

1
Q

One lobe of the kidney

A

consists of one medullary pyramid together with the associated cortex

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2
Q

the region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called

A

cortex

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3
Q

the region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the

A

cortex

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4
Q

region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the

A

medulla

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5
Q

the region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the

A

cortex

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6
Q

the region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts

A

medulla

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7
Q

regions of the cortical parenchymal located between medullary pyramids rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney

A

columns of bertin (renal columns)

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8
Q

regions of cortex with texture similar to that of the medulla, containing straight distal tubules and collecting ducts

A

medullary rays

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9
Q

a region of cortex surrounding and drained by a single bundle of collecting ducts

A

renal lobule

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10
Q

the end of each medullary pyramid through which collecting ducts open into a calyx

A

papilla

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11
Q

the tip of each papilla, perforated by the openings of collecting ducts

A

area cribosa

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12
Q

the space into which one medullary pyramid drains

A

calyx

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13
Q

the large space lined by transitional epithelium which funnels urine into the ureter

A

pelvis

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14
Q

the capsule of the kidney consists of

A

dense fibrous connective tissue

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15
Q

the region of the kidney where artery, vein and utter are attached

A

hilus

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16
Q

the renal sinus, a space within the hilus that surrounds the renal pelvis, is filled with

A

loose adipose connective tissue (fat)

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17
Q

a principal function for the glomerulus

A

filtration of blood from capillaries into urinary space

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18
Q

a princiPLE function for the proximal convoluted tubule

A

active resorption of nutrients from ultrafilrate back into the blood

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19
Q

a princiPAL function for the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

regulation of plasma volume and blood pressure through renin secretion

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20
Q

a princiPAL function for the loop of Henle

A

establishment of the medullary concentration gradient

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21
Q

a princiPAL function for the distal convoluted tubule

A

volume reduction of tubular fluid, with ions pumped from lumen into interstitial following by diffusion of water

22
Q

fluid which is transported from the lumen of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules into the cortical interstium is take up by the

A

pertitubular capillaries

23
Q

a princiPLE function for the collection of duct

A

regulated passive resorption of water through the medullary concentration gradient

24
Q

the region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary turn is attached

A

vascular pole

25
Q

the region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule

A

urinary (tubular) pole

26
Q

the lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined

A

fenestrated endothelium

27
Q

interstitial cells located in matrix between glomerular capillaries

A

mesangial cells

28
Q

glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by

A

podocyte foot processes

29
Q

smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion

A

juxtaglomerular cells

30
Q

the outer lining of bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelium) consists of a single layer

A

squamous cells

31
Q

filtration slits are located between adjacent

A

podocyte foot processes

32
Q

podocytes are

A

unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes

33
Q

mesangial cells are

A

not epithelial cells

34
Q

the normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane is between

A

0.3 and 0.35 micrometers

35
Q

a basement membrane is also found beneath which of the following epithelia

A

bowman’s capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
distal convoluted tubule
macula densa

36
Q

the component of the glomerular filtration barrier which is

A

glomerular basement membrane

37
Q

the component f the glomerular filtration barrier which holds back blood cells but allows fluid and large molecules to pass freely

A

fenestrated endothelium

38
Q

extraglomerular mesangial cells (lacks cells) are located

A

at the vascular pole of the glomerulus

39
Q

epithelial cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule

A
  • have an apical brush border of microvilli for active absorption from the lumen
  • have basal inholdings and interdigitations with adjacent cells for increased basal membrane surface area
  • have many mitochondria to provide energy for active transport against a concentration gradient
  • are cuboidal
40
Q

the proximal convoluted tubule is

A

several times longer than the distal convoluted tubule

41
Q

epithelial cells lining the distal convoluted tubule

A

-have basal infoldings and interdigitations with adjacent cells for increased basal membrane surface area
have many mitochondria to provide energy for active transport against a conceptration gradient
-are cuboidal

42
Q

epithelial cells lining the thin limb of the loop of henle

A

simple squamous

43
Q

epithelial cells lining collecting ducts

A
  • stain less intensely with H & E than those lining proximal or distal tubules.
  • often display distinct intercellular boundaries, unlike those lining proximal or distal tubules.
  • regulate their permeability to water in response to antidiuretic hormone
  • are simple cuboidal
44
Q

the macula densa consists of

A

closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule

45
Q

juxtaglomerular cells secrete

A

renin

46
Q

arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney

A

arcuate arteries

47
Q

arteries which extend into the renal cortex, usually perpendicular to its surface

A

interlobular arteries

48
Q

bundles of parallel vessels which extend into the medulla

A

vasa recta

49
Q

vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries

A

afferent arterioles

50
Q

vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries

A

efferent arterioles

Histology (10 decks)

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