Histology Kidney & Urinary tract SIU Med

Question 1

One lobe of the kidney

Answer 1

consists of one medullary pyramid together with the associated cortex

Question 2

the region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called

Answer 2

cortex

Question 3

the region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the

Answer 3

cortex

Question 4

region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the

Answer 4

medulla

Question 5

the region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the

Answer 5

cortex

Question 6

the region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts

Answer 6

medulla

Question 7

regions of the cortical parenchymal located between medullary pyramids rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney

Answer 7

columns of bertin (renal columns)

Question 8

regions of cortex with texture similar to that of the medulla, containing straight distal tubules and collecting ducts

Answer 8

medullary rays

Question 9

a region of cortex surrounding and drained by a single bundle of collecting ducts

Answer 9

renal lobule

Question 10

the end of each medullary pyramid through which collecting ducts open into a calyx

Answer 10

papilla

Question 11

the tip of each papilla, perforated by the openings of collecting ducts

Answer 11

area cribosa

Question 12

the space into which one medullary pyramid drains

Answer 12

calyx

Question 13

the large space lined by transitional epithelium which funnels urine into the ureter

Answer 13

pelvis

Question 14

the capsule of the kidney consists of

Answer 14

dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 15

the region of the kidney where artery, vein and utter are attached

Answer 15

hilus

Question 16

the renal sinus, a space within the hilus that surrounds the renal pelvis, is filled with

Answer 16

loose adipose connective tissue (fat)

Question 17

a principal function for the glomerulus

Answer 17

filtration of blood from capillaries into urinary space

Question 18

a princiPLE function for the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 18

active resorption of nutrients from ultrafilrate back into the blood

Question 19

a princiPAL function for the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 19

regulation of plasma volume and blood pressure through renin secretion

Question 20

a princiPAL function for the loop of Henle

Answer 20

establishment of the medullary concentration gradient

Question 21

a princiPAL function for the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 21

volume reduction of tubular fluid, with ions pumped from lumen into interstitial following by diffusion of water

Question 22

fluid which is transported from the lumen of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules into the cortical interstium is take up by the

Answer 22

pertitubular capillaries

Question 23

a princiPLE function for the collection of duct

Answer 23

regulated passive resorption of water through the medullary concentration gradient

Question 24

the region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary turn is attached

Answer 24

vascular pole

Question 25

the region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 25

urinary (tubular) pole

Question 26

the lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined

Answer 26

fenestrated endothelium

Question 27

interstitial cells located in matrix between glomerular capillaries

Answer 27

mesangial cells

Question 28

glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by

Answer 28

podocyte foot processes

Question 29

smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion

Answer 29

juxtaglomerular cells

Question 30

the outer lining of bowman's capsule (the parietal epithelium) consists of a single layer

Answer 30

squamous cells

Question 31

filtration slits are located between adjacent

Answer 31

podocyte foot processes

Question 32

podocytes are

Answer 32

unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes

Question 33

mesangial cells are

Answer 33

not epithelial cells

Question 34

the normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane is between

Answer 34

0.3 and 0.35 micrometers

Question 35

a basement membrane is also found beneath which of the following epithelia

Answer 35

bowman's capsule proximal convoluted tubule distal convoluted tubule macula densa

Question 36

the component of the glomerular filtration barrier which is

Answer 36

glomerular basement membrane

Question 37

the component f the glomerular filtration barrier which holds back blood cells but allows fluid and large molecules to pass freely

Answer 37

fenestrated endothelium

Question 38

extraglomerular mesangial cells (lacks cells) are located

Answer 38

at the vascular pole of the glomerulus

Question 39

epithelial cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 39

- have an apical brush border of microvilli for active absorption from the lumen - have basal inholdings and interdigitations with adjacent cells for increased basal membrane surface area - have many mitochondria to provide energy for active transport against a concentration gradient - are cuboidal

Question 40

the proximal convoluted tubule is

Answer 40

several times longer than the distal convoluted tubule

Question 41

epithelial cells lining the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 41

-have basal infoldings and interdigitations with adjacent cells for increased basal membrane surface area have many mitochondria to provide energy for active transport against a conceptration gradient -are cuboidal

Question 42

epithelial cells lining the thin limb of the loop of henle

Answer 42

simple squamous

Question 43

epithelial cells lining collecting ducts

Answer 43

- stain less intensely with H & E than those lining proximal or distal tubules. - often display distinct intercellular boundaries, unlike those lining proximal or distal tubules. - regulate their permeability to water in response to antidiuretic hormone - are simple cuboidal

Question 44

the macula densa consists of

Answer 44

closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule

Question 45

juxtaglomerular cells secrete

Answer 45

renin

Question 46

arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney

Answer 46

arcuate arteries

Question 47

arteries which extend into the renal cortex, usually perpendicular to its surface

Answer 47

interlobular arteries

Question 48

bundles of parallel vessels which extend into the medulla

Answer 48

vasa recta

Question 49

vessels which connect interlobular arteries with glomerular capillaries

Answer 49

afferent arterioles

Question 50

vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with peritubular capillaries

Answer 50

efferent arterioles