Endocrine System 1 Flashcards
Which of the following is not a characteristics of the endocrine system?
Glands with Ducts
what type of hormone is testosterone?
steroid
Fun Fact
hormones can have a variety of structures. hormones which are proteins include insulin and prolactin. peptide chains are short chains of amino acids.
examples of hormones which are peptide chains are antipyretic hormone and oxytocin. steroid hormones are cholesterol derivatives. steroid hormones include testosterone and estradiol. norepinephrine and epinephrine are catecholamines.
what organ is nicknamed the master gland?
pituitary
what cell type secretes ACTH?
corticotropic cells
Fun Fact
there are several cell types in the pars distills (anterior pituitary). Lactotropic cells secrete prolactin. thyrotropic cells secrete thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). somatotropin cells secrete growth hormone. corticotropic cells secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). gonadotropic cells secrete follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
where is corpora arenacea found?
pineal gland
Fun Fact
corpora arenacea is nicknamed “brain sand”. Corpora arenacea is calcification seen in the pineal gland
which gland secretes melatonin?
pineal gland
Fun Fact
the endocrine portion of the pancreas secretes insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. the thyroid gland secretes the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and calcitonin. the pineal gland secretes melatonin. the cortex of the adrenal gland secretes a variety of corticosteroids. it secretes mineralocorticoids (such as aldosterone), glucocorticoids (such as cortisol), and sex steroids. epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted from the adrenal medulla.
which cell type are involved in the secretion thyroglobulin?
follicular cells
Fun Fact
there are 2 cell types in the parathyroid gland: principal cells and oxyphil cells. principal cells are also called chief cells. principal cells are the more prevalent. Oxyphil cells are also found in the parathyroid gland; however, they are not as prevalent as principal cells. there are 2 cell types in the thyroid; follicular cells and parafollicular cells. follicular cells release and store thyroid hormone. parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland are also called C cells. they secrete calcitonin. the cells of the adrenal medulla are chromaffin cells
where is insulin secreted from?
Beta cells
Fun Fact
the pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ. the endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. within the islets, there are several cell types. the alpha cells secrete glucagon. the beta cells secrete insulin. the delta cells secrete somatostatin. the gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide. the acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas.
which of the following is part of the adrenal gland?
Chromaffin cells, Zona reticular, Zona glomerulosa, Zona fasciculata (ALL)
Fun Fact
“Go Find Rex; Make Good Sex”
zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticular; mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid, sex steroids
which part of the adrenal gland secretes glucocorticoids?
Zona fasciculata
Fun fact
the adrenal gland is composed of the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. the layers of the adrenal cortex, from outermost to innermost are; G.F.R – M.G.S
the cells of the adrenal medulla are chromatin cells. they secrete the catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine
what type of hormone is insulin?
protein
what connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus?
infundibulum
Fun Fact
the pituitary is nicknamed the master gland. the infundibulum connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus. the pituitary can be subdivided into the pars distills, pars intermedia, and pars tubercles. the adenohypophysis (more specifically, the parts distills of the adenohypophysis) secretes tropic hormones. tropic hormones affect cellular activity in their target organ. the neurohypophysis secretes two hormones: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
which of the following is not part of the adenohypophysis?
Pars nevosa
Fun Fact
The pituitary can be subdivided into the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. The
adenohypophysis can be further sub-divided into the pars distalis, pars intermedia, and
pars tuberalis. The pars distalis is the anterior lobe of the pituitary. The neurohypophysis can
be further sub-divided into the pars nervosa, infundibular stalk, and median eminence. The
pars nervosa is the posterior lobe.
what cell type secretes prolactin?
lactotropic cells
