Histology - GI Flashcards by Joseph Keane

Q

What does the oral cavity do?

A

-Receives food
-Chews food
-Starts digestion

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Q

What kind of lining does the mouth need?

A

-Robust lining
-Squamous epithelium
-Stratified
-Keratinised

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Q

What is this?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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Q

What is this?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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Q

Label this diagram:

A

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Q

What is this?

A

-Secretory glandular epithelium
-Top right shows salivary duct

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Q

What does this show?

A

Sjorgen’s sydrome

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Q

What does the oesophagus do?

A

-Swallows food
-Moves food down to stomach

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Q

What kind of lining does the oesophagus have?

A

Squamous epithelium

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Q

What is this?

A

Squamous epithelium (oesophagus)

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Q

What does this show?

A

-Secretary submucosal cells of oesophagus
-Lubricates food as it moves down the oesophagus

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Q

What does the stomach do?

A

-Digests food
-Not much absorption

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Q

What is this?

A

-Gastric fundic mucosa (produce mucus)
-buffers between lumen acid and epithelium

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Q

What are these?

A

-Parietal cells of stomach
-Produce acid

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Q

What are these?

A

-Chief cells
-Produce pepsinogen and lipases

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Q

What is this?

A

-Gastric antral mucosa
-Produces mucus but not acid

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Q

What does this show?

A

-Helicobacter pylori
-Lives in stomach mucus

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Q

What do the intestines do?

A

-Digest food
-Absorb food
-Absorb water
-Resist bugs

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Q

What does this show?

A

Glandular epithelium of intestine

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Q

What does this show?

A

Endocrine cells within intestinal epithelium

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Q

What does this show?

A

-Submucosa of intestine
-Connective tissue
-Collagen and blood vessels

Q

What does this show?

A

-Muscularis propria of intestine
-Smooth muscle
-Controlled by autonomic nervous sytem

Q

What does this show?

A

-Muscularis propria of intestine
-Smooth muscle
-Controlled by autonomic nervous system (cause contraction to happen)

Q

Label all the layers of this diagram:

A

-Lumen
-Mucosa
-Submucosa
-Muscularis propria
-Serosal surface

Label this diagram: What do the yellow cells do?

-Pacemaker cells -Pace rate of muscular contraction

What cells are stained brown?

Interstitial cells of Cajal

Label this diagram: What causes them?

-Interstitial cells of Cajal -Commenest stromal tumour in gut

What is the serosal surface?

-Entry of blood supply -Mesenteries -Covered by mesothelial cells

What does this show?

-Basic arrangement of cells in the intestine -Crypts

Label this crypt: Where does all the division take place?

-Division takes place at bottom of stem cells -Transit cells move up -Mature into epithelial cells at top

What does the duodenum do?

-Digests food -Absorbs food -Resists bugs

What is the role of the anatomy of the small intestine and how?

-Very large surface area -Villi and microvilli

What does this show?

Villi

What does this show?

Tip of villi

What does this show?

Microvilli

What does this show?

Lymphocytes in the small intestine

What does this show?

-Lymphocytes in the small intestine -Move around looking for pathogens

What does this show?

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

What does this show?

-Giardia lamblia -Parasite -Malabsorption -Diarrhoea

What does this show?

-Coeliac disease -Villi are lost

What does this show?

Coeliac disease

What does this show?

-Coeliac disease -A lot of lymphocytes in the intestinal wall -Attack protein in gluten (glyodin) -Kill duodenal epithelium producing flat villi

What do duodenum and ileum do?

-Digest food -Absorb food -Resist bugs

What do the jejunum and ileum look like histologically?

Villi same as duodenum

What does the appendix do?

-It is not exactly known -Possible safehouse of good bacteria to repopulate the colon

What does this show?

-Colon -Flat -Most absorption has taken place

Label this diagram:

Histology of appendix

What does colon do?

-Absorbs little food -Absorbs water -Resists bugs

What does this show?

-Colon -No villi -Glandular mucosa

What is this?

-Ulcerative colitis -Only affects mucosa -Distinct border