Histology and Embryology

Question 1

What are the related systems that make up the circulatory system?

Answer 1

Cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

Question 2

What are 5 important functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

Take oxygen and nutrients to tissues
Remove CO2 and metabolic waste from tissues
Temperature regulation
Distribution of hormones and immune cells
Reproductive function in males (erection)

Question 3

What is the 3 layers of a blood vessel known as?

Answer 3

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

Question 4

What are the components of the tunica intima?

Answer 4

Single layer of squamous epithelial cells (endothelium) which is supported by a basal lamina and a thin layer of connective tissue

Question 5

What is the tunica media mainly composed of?

Answer 5

Muscle

Question 6

What is the tunica adventitia composed of?

Answer 6

Connective tissue

Question 7

What are termed elastic arteries?

Answer 7

Very largest arteries which have many elastic fibres

Question 8

What is special about the blood supply of the elastic arteries?

Answer 8

They have their own blood supply- vasa vasorum

Question 9

Where is the internal elastic membrane found?

Answer 9

Between the tunica intima and media

Question 10

Where is the external elastic membrane found?

Answer 10

Between the tunica media and adventitia

Question 11

What are connective tissue cells found just outside the basal lamina of capillaries?

Answer 11

Pericytes

Question 12

What is the most common type of capillary?

Answer 12

Continuous

Question 13

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

Answer 13

Mucosa of the gut, endocrine glands and kidney glomeruli

Question 14

What do sinusoidal/discontinuous capillaries lack and where are they found?

Answer 14

Basal lamina- found in liver, spleen and bone marrow

Question 15

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

Answer 15

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

Question 16

What surrounds the cardiac muscle in the tunica media?

Answer 16

Connective tissue and a rich network of capillaries

Question 17

How many nuclei do cardiac muscles have?

Answer 17

1

Question 18

What makes up the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 18

Tough fibro-collagenous connective tissue

Question 19

What makes up the serous pericardium?

Answer 19

Simple squamous epithelium backed by a basal lamina and connective tissue

Question 20

The leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves are anchored to the ? in the wall of the ventricle by collagenous strands known as ?

Answer 20

1. Papillary muscles

2. Chordae tendeneae

Question 21

In terms of embryology, where does the heart come from?

Answer 21

Visceral mesoderm

Question 22

Which end of the embryo does the heart develop at?

Answer 22

Cranial end

Question 23

What does the truncus arteriosus develop into?

Answer 23

Aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 24

Where is one of the first places to see vessels arriving?

Answer 24

Yolk sac

Question 25

What do vitelline veins do?

Answer 25

Drain the yolk sac- go on to form portal venous system

Question 26

What do umbilical veins do?

Answer 26

Take oxygenated blood from the placenta

Question 27

What veins give the systemic venous system?

Answer 27

Cardinal veins

Question 28

What veins give the portal venous system?

Answer 28

Vitelline and umbilical veins