Histology and Embryology Flashcards
What are the related systems that make up the circulatory system?
Cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
What are 5 important functions of the cardiovascular system?
Take oxygen and nutrients to tissues
Remove CO2 and metabolic waste from tissues
Temperature regulation
Distribution of hormones and immune cells
Reproductive function in males (erection)
What is the 3 layers of a blood vessel known as?
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia
What are the components of the tunica intima?
Single layer of squamous epithelial cells (endothelium) which is supported by a basal lamina and a thin layer of connective tissue
What is the tunica media mainly composed of?
Muscle
What is the tunica adventitia composed of?
Connective tissue
What are termed elastic arteries?
Very largest arteries which have many elastic fibres
What is special about the blood supply of the elastic arteries?
They have their own blood supply- vasa vasorum
Where is the internal elastic membrane found?
Between the tunica intima and media
Where is the external elastic membrane found?
Between the tunica media and adventitia
What are connective tissue cells found just outside the basal lamina of capillaries?
Pericytes
What is the most common type of capillary?
Continuous
Where are fenestrated capillaries found?
Mucosa of the gut, endocrine glands and kidney glomeruli
What do sinusoidal/discontinuous capillaries lack and where are they found?
Basal lamina- found in liver, spleen and bone marrow
What are the 3 layers of the heart?
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
What surrounds the cardiac muscle in the tunica media?
Connective tissue and a rich network of capillaries
How many nuclei do cardiac muscles have?
1
What makes up the fibrous pericardium?
Tough fibro-collagenous connective tissue
What makes up the serous pericardium?
Simple squamous epithelium backed by a basal lamina and connective tissue
The leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves are anchored to the ? in the wall of the ventricle by collagenous strands known as ?
- Papillary muscles
2. Chordae tendeneae
In terms of embryology, where does the heart come from?
Visceral mesoderm
Which end of the embryo does the heart develop at?
Cranial end
What does the truncus arteriosus develop into?
Aorta and pulmonary trunk
Where is one of the first places to see vessels arriving?
Yolk sac
What do vitelline veins do?
Drain the yolk sac- go on to form portal venous system
What do umbilical veins do?
Take oxygenated blood from the placenta
What veins give the systemic venous system?
Cardinal veins
What veins give the portal venous system?
Vitelline and umbilical veins
