Histology

Question 1

1-Goblet cells

2- metaplasia

Answer 1

1- Goblet cells : a column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal tracts, which secretes the main component of mucus.

2- metaplasia: The change from one type of cell to another may be part of a normal maturation process, or caused by some sort of abnormal stimulus.

Question 2

1- Squamous metaplasia

2- Immotile cilia syndrome

Answer 2

1-change of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium into stratified squamous, when chronic exposure to toxic materials like smoking or air pollution. This change is due to immobilization of cilia, which will cause failure to clear mucous.
This condition may cause precancerous dysplasia.

2-is caused by deficiency of protein Dynein; which is important in ciliary movement.Patient will suffer chronic respiratory infection, and infertility in males.

Question 3

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 3

Hyaline cartilage is the glass-like (hyaline) but translucent cartilage found on many joint surfaces. It is also most commonly found in the ribs, nose, larynx, and trachea.

Question 4

lamina propria

Answer 4

lamina propria is a thin layer of connective tissue that forms part of the moist linings known as mucous membranes or mucosa, which line various tubes in the body, such as the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, and the urogenital tract.

Question 5

mucous vs serous glands

Answer 5

There are two general types of salivary glands: serous glands secrete mainly a watery fluid; mucus glands secrete more viscous saliva that contains mucin.

Question 6

sebaceous gland

Answer 6

A sebaceous gland is a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals.

Question 7

Immunoglobulins

Answer 7

Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells (white blood cells). They act as a critical part of the immune response by specifically recognizing and binding to particular antigens, such as bacteria or viruses, and aiding in their destruction.

Question 8

mediastinum

Answer 8

The mediastinum is the area in the chest between the lungs that contains the heart, part of the windpipe (the trachea), the esophagus, and the great vessels including the ascending aorta