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Principles > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

How is the appearance of the lipid bilayer described?

A

Trilaminar

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2
Q

What are the two types of microtubules?

A

Dynein and Kinesin

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3
Q

Dynein is an ATPase that moves towards the cell _______

A

Centre

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4
Q

Kinesin is an ATPase that moves towards the cell _______

A

Periphery

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5
Q

Where are ribosomes formed?

A

Nucleolus

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6
Q

Which nuclear structure is continuous with the rough ER?

A

Perinuclear cistern

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7
Q

Where is rRNA transcribed?

A

Nucleolus

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8
Q

Euchromatin is …

A

… dispersed DNA undergoing transcription

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9
Q

Heterochromatin is …

A

… condensed DNA

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10
Q

Haematoxylin is a _____ dye that has an affinity for _____ molecules i.e. _______ & ______

A

Haematoxylin is a basic dye that has an affinity for acidic molecules i.e. nucleus & ribosomes

Remember: A in DNA stands for Acid

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11
Q

Eosin is a _____ dye that has an affinity for _____ molecules i.e. _______

A

Eosin is a acidic dye that has an affinity for basic molecules i.e. cytoplasm proteins

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12
Q

What is the difference between endocine and exocrine epithelial gland function?

A

Endocrine - secreted at basal end into vasculature for distribution

Exocrine - secreted at apical end into lumen of ductal system

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13
Q

Give examples of soft connective tissue

A

Tendons, Ligaments, Mesentary, Stroma of Organs, Dermis

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14
Q

How are soft connective tissues classified?

A

Loose - loosely packed fibres separated by abundant ground substance

Dense Irregular (i.e. Dermis) - collagen fibres in many directions allowing stretch and moderate strength in all directions

Dense Regular (i.e. Tendon) - collagen fibres are aligned for unidirectional strength

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15
Q

Which type of hard connective tissue is avascular?

A

Cartilage

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16
Q

Describe the structure of smooth muscle cells

A

Spindle-shaped cells with a cigar-shaped nucleus

17
Q

Describe the structure of skeletal muscle cells

A

Giant multi-nucleated cylindrical cells (nuclei are located around the periphery)

18
Q

Describe the structure of cardiac muscle cells

A

Cells with a single central nuclei and intercalated discs between adjacent cells

19
Q

What is the ratio of neurones to glial cells in the nervous system?

A

1:10

20
Q

Role of Astrocytes

A

CNS support cell; establishes blood-brain barrier

21
Q

Role of Oligodendrocytes

A

Produces myelin in CNS

22
Q

Role of Microglia

A

Provides immune surveillance

23
Q

Role of Schwann cells

A

Produces myelin in PNS

24
Q

Respiratory epithelium in trachea…

A

Pseudostratified cilliated Columnar epithelium with Goblet cells

25
Q

How does epithelium change as you descend through respiratory tree?

A

Cells become flatter - from columnar to cuboidal to squamous

26
Q

How does cartilage distribution change as you descend through respiratory tree?

A

Cartilage is gradually lost

27
Q

Where in the respiratory tree does epithelial cells become cuboidal in shape?

A

Bronchioles

28
Q

What type of epithelium lines the respiratory alveoli?

A

Simple squamous

29
Q

From superficial to deep, what are the histological layers of blood vessels?

A 
Tunica Adventitia
External Elastic Membrane
Tunica Media - mainly smooth muscle
Internal Elastic Membrane
Tunica Intima - squamous epithelium
30
Q

What are the three types of capillaries? and give examples of where they may be found?

A

Continuous - muscle, nerve, lung, skin
Fenestrated - gut mucosa, endocrine glands, kidney
Discontinuous - liver, spleen, bone marrow

31
Q

From superficial to deep, what are the main layers of the GI tract?

A

Serosa/Adventitia - outer connective tissue

Muscularis Externa - inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers

Submucosa - loose connective tissue

Mucosa - muscularis mucosae, lamina propria and an epithelium

32
Q

Where in the GI tract is Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, anal canal

33
Q

Where in the GI tract is Simple columnar epithelium with extensive tubular glands found?

A

Stomach

34
Q

Where in the GI tract is Simple columnar epithelium with villi and tubular glands found?

A

Small intestine

35
Q

Where in the GI tract is Simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands found?

A

Large intestine

36
Q

What structures are found at each corner of a hepatic lobule?

A

Branch of the hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct system

37
Q

What structure is found at the centre of a hepatic lobule?

A

Central vein which drains into hepatic vein

Principles (9 decks)

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