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Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Histology wise: what does the pericardium contain?

A
  • (F) Non-elastic dense irregular connective tissue
  • (PS) Connective tissue
  • (VS) Mesothelium (Squamous) & Adipose tissue
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2
Q

How many chambers does the heart have?

A

The heart contains four chambers.

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3
Q

Whats the function of the veins?

A

Both atria receive blood from vessels that return blood to the heart, the VEINS.

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4
Q

Whats the function of the arteries?

A

The ventricles eject blood from the heart towards vessels that distribute it, the ARTERIES.

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5
Q

Which structures can we find in the right atrium? State 5

A 
✓Auricle 
✓ Pectinate muscles (anterior wall) 
✓ Interatrial septum
 ✓ Fossa ovalis
✓ Tricuspid valve
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6
Q

Blood supply right atrium?

A
  • Superior vena cava
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Coronary sinus
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7
Q

Blood supply right ventricle?

A

From right atrium through tricuspid valve

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8
Q

What structures can we find in the right ventricles? state 6

A 
- Tricuspid valve 
✓ Interventricular septum: partitions
ventricles
 ✓Papillary muscles (trabeculae carneae)
✓ Chordae tendinae 
✓ Pulmonary semilunar valve
✓ Pulmonary trunk
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9
Q

What strcutures do we find in the left atrium? state 4

A

✓ Auricle
✓ Interatrial septum
✓ Pectinate muscles (confined to auricle)
✓ Bicuspid (mitral) valve

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10
Q

Blood supply left atrium?

A

FOUR pulmonary veins

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11
Q

What structures can we find in the left ventricles? State 4

A

✓ Bicuspid valve
✓ Interventricular septum: partitionsventricles
✓ Papillary muscles (traberculae carneae)
✓ Chordae tendinae
✓ Aorta
✓ Aortic semilunar valve

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12
Q

Blood supply left ventricle?

A

✓ From left atrium through the bicuspid valve (left atrioventricular valve)

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13
Q

Pulmonary trunk where do they exit? (left & right pulmonary arteries)

A

Exit RV

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14
Q

Where does the Aorta exit?

A

Exits LV

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15
Q

Inferior and superior vena cava, enter

A

Enter RA

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16
Q

4 Pulmonary veins, enter:

A

Enter LA

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17
Q

Which side pumps deoxiginated blood?

A

The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary circuit towards the pulmonary alveoli

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18
Q

Which side pumps oxygenated blood?

A

The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood through the systemic circulation to all the body tissues except the pulmonary alveoli

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19
Q

Cardiac valves, histology:

A

Four dense connective tissue rings that surround the valves of the heart

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20
Q

Atrioventricular valves:

A

▪ Tricuspid (right side)

▪ Bicuspid or Mitral (left side)

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21
Q

Semilunar or Sigmoid:

A

▪ Pulmonary

▪ Aortic

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22
Q

When AV valves open: Why do they do it and which muscles are included for this process?

A

THIS occurs when ventricles are relaxed, chordae tendineae are slack and papillary muscles are relaxed.

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23
Q

When AV valves close: Why do they do it and which muscles are included for this process?

A

A-V valves close preventing backflow of blood into atria.
− THIS occurs when ventricles contract: blood pushes valve cusps closed; papillary muscles contract and pull taut the chordae tendineae, prevent in this way cusps from everting.

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24
Q

Endocardium histology

A

Endothelium and various connective tissue.

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25
Q

Myocardium Histology:

A

Cardiomyocytes

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26
Q

Epicardium histology

A

Visceral layer of serous pericardium.
• In humans, the subserous layer contains white
adipose tissue where the nerves and blood vessels that serve the heart are found.

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27
Q

With what is the endocardium is in touch?

A

It is the inner tunic of the heart.

• It continues with blood vessels.

28
Q

Composition of the Endocardium:

A
  1. Endothelium: simple squamous epithelium, facing the internal surface of the heart.
  2. Subendothelial layer: connective tissue with elastic and collagen fibres, and some smooth muscle fibres.
  3. Subendocardial layer: blood vessels, loose connective tissue, nerves and Purkinje fibres (conducting fibres in ventricles).
29
Q

What function has the myocardium?

A

➢ It gives volume to the heart.

➢ It is responsible for the pumping action.

30
Q

Whatt kind of tissue does the myocardium have?

A
  • It is the cardiac muscle tissue.
  • It is the thickest layer of the heart.
  • Cardiomyocytes in bundles.
31
Q

What types of fibres does the myocardium have?

A
  • Contractile

- Modified

32
Q

What kind of conduction system does the modified include?

A
  • Pacemaker cells
  • Conduction system
  • Myodendocrine cells
33
Q

Pacemaker cells: What do they do?

A

Generate rhythmic and spontaneous action potentials. Auto rhythmic.

34
Q

Conduction system: what do they do?

A

Internodal pathways, Bachmann bundle, and the His-Purkinje system.

35
Q

Adherens junctions:

A

Anchor (befestigen) the actin filaments

36
Q

Desmosomes

A

separation of cells during contraction

37
Q

Gap junctions

A

allow ion continuity and communication (passage of ions) between adjacent cells. Synchronicity.

38
Q

Contractile fibres:

A
  • less sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • myocytes form bundles
  • many mitochondria
39
Q

Who has myocytes?

A

cardiac muscle

40
Q

Who has skeletal fibres?

A

skeletal muscle?

41
Q

Who has branching fibres?

A

Cradiac muscle

42
Q

Who has shorter and wider muscles in a square shape?

A

cardiac mucles

43
Q

Who has not branched fibres=

A

skeletal muscle

44
Q

Who has centrally located nucleus?

A

Cardiac muscles

45
Q

Who has longer and cylindrical muscles?

A

Skeletal muscle

46
Q

Who has multinucleate nucleus?

A

Skeletal muscles?

47
Q

Who has less sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Cardiac muscles

48
Q

Who has calcium for contraction that comes from extracellular fluid and sarcoplasmic reticulum=

A

Cardiac muscle

49
Q

Who has a developed srcplasmic reticulum and calcium comes from SR?

A

Skeletal muscle

50
Q

Who has dads?

A

Cardiac muscle

51
Q

Whi has triads?

A

Skeletal muscle

52
Q

Who has wider and fewer t tubules?

A

cardiac muscle

53
Q

Who has nervous control?

A

Cadiac muscle

54
Q

Who has a somatic nervous system?

A

skeletal muscle

55
Q

Autorhythmic cells:

important

A

Fire action potentials spontaneously, act as pacemaker, and form
the conduction system of the heart.

56
Q

• Sinoatrial (SA) node:

important

A

➢ Cluster of cells in the wall of right atrium (under the opening of the superior vena cava).
➢ Begins heart activity that spreads to both atria.
➢ Excitation spreads to atrioventricular (AV) node as well.

57
Q

AV node:

important

A

Within interatrial septum, transmits signal to the bundle of His.

58
Q

His-Purkinje system:

important

A

➢ The connection between atria and ventricles.
➢ His bundle divides into bundle branches (right and left) which transmit the signal to Purkinje fibers, large diameter fibers that
conduct signals quickly.

59
Q

Typical cardiac fibres:

A

: in myocardium

60
Q

Conduction fibres

A

from the sub endocardium to the myocardium.

Less myofibrils and more glycogen

61
Q

Nodal fibres:

A

sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. Small, spindle shape, few peripheral myofibrils, able to depolarize spontaneously.

62
Q

Intermediate fibres:

A

atrial myocardium. Transition morphology between contractile and conduction fibres

63
Q

Myoendocrine fibres:

A

atrial myocardium. Few striations, electrodense granules which contain hormones that regulate blood pressure (natriuretic peptides).

64
Q

Visceral layer of pericardium: Histoogy

A

mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium)

65
Q

PERICARDIUM - EPICARDIUM

A

Visceral layer of pericardium: mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium) over areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue (it contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic ganglia that supply the myocardium

Anatomy (7 decks)

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