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Year 1 MBChB > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

The plasmalemma contains what 3 things?

A

Phospholipids, cholesterol and protein

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2
Q

3 proteins that make provide cell structure?

A

Microfilaments, intermediate, microtubules

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3
Q

What are microfilaments made of + use in cancer?

A

Actin filaments + cell specific so used to identify tumour types

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4
Q

Role of intermediate filaments?

A

Bind things together in the cytoplasm

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5
Q

What are microtubules made of?

A

Alpha and beta tubulin subunits

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6
Q

2 main roles of microtubules?

A
  • Radiate from the MTOC and form the mitotic spindle to move chromosomes during cell division
  • Act as a railway for motor proteins e.g. kinesin and dynein
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7
Q

What are inclusions?

A

Components the cell makes itself

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8
Q

Space between nuclear membranes?

A

Perinuclear cistern

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9
Q

Where is rRNA made?

A

In the nucleolus

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10
Q

Where is tRNA and mRNA made?

A

In the nucleus

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11
Q

RER and SER roles?

A
  • RER ribosome binds to mRNA to allow translation

- SER is for processing protein + lipids

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12
Q

Golgi apparatus role?

A

Modifies protein

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13
Q

Mitochondria structure?

A
  • Double membrane contain the ETC proteins and fold to form cristae
  • Middle matrix contains enzymes for the CAC
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14
Q

Tight junctions name + function?

A
  • Zonula occludens

- Prevents diffusion of cell products

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15
Q

Adherent junction name + function?

A
  • Zonula adherens

- Cadherin binds cell neighbor cell actin filaments

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16
Q

Desmosome name + function?

A
  • Macula adherin

- Found holding epithelium together

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17
Q

What makes up a junctional complex?

A

ZA + MA + ZO

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18
Q

Communicating junction name + function?

A
  • Gap junction

- Connexon forms pores between cells to allow diffusion

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19
Q

Dyes for tissue sample staining + what type of molecule they stain + colour?

A

Haematoxylin (stains acid molecules purple) and eosin (stains basic molecules pink)

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20
Q

3 epithelium shapes?

A

Squamous, cuboidal and columnar

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21
Q

3 epithelium levels?

A

Simple, stratified and pseudostratified

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22
Q

3 epithelium features?

A

Microvilli (brush border), cilia and keratin

23
Q

Connective tissue, extracellular matrix and ground substance summary?

A
  • CT = cells and extracellular martix
  • EM = fibres and ground substance
  • GS = glycosaminoglycans
24
Q

Connective tissue types summary?

A
  • Soft = loose or dense
  • Dense = regular or irregular
  • Hard = cartilage
  • Cartilage = hyaline, elastic or fibrocartilage
25
Q

Striations are what?

A

Myofibrils of actin and myosin in units called sarcomeres

26
Q

Striated muscle vs non-striated?

A

Skeletal and cardiac vs smooth

27
Q

2 main features of smooth muscle cells?

A

Non-striated + elongated nucleus

28
Q

2 main features of skeletal muscle cells?

A

Very striated + multinucleated

29
Q

3 main features of cardiac muscle cells?

A

Striated + central nucleus + branched cells

30
Q

Nervous tissue in CNS vs PNS?

A

Meninges vs epineureum

31
Q

3 types of glia in the CNS + roles?

A

Astrocytes (support + ion transport), oligonderocytes (produce myelin) and microglia (immune surveillance)

32
Q

3 types of neuron + their structure?

A

Bipolar, (1 D: I A) multipolar (Many D: 1 A) and pseudounipolar (A has CNS and PNS branch)

33
Q

Salivary glands + what they make?

A
  • Parotid, submandibular and sublingual
  • Have striated ducts to filter out ions
  • Parotid makes more serous than mucous
  • Sublingual makes more mucous than serous
  • Submandibular makes equal amounts
  • Serous + mucous = saliva
34
Q

Layers of the digestive system?

A
  • Mucosa (epithelium + basal lamina/ basement membrane + muscularis mucosae)
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis externa
  • Adventitia or serosa
35
Q

Layers of blood vessels?

A
  • Tunica intima + media + adevntitia

- Layers separated by by elastic membrane

36
Q

Change in walls of larger arteries vs veins?

A
  • Arteries = tunica media has more elastic fibres

- Veins = tunica adventitia has more smooth muscle

37
Q

Where would you find continuous, fenestrated and sinusoidal capillaries?

A

Muscle, gut and liver

38
Q

Large artery own blood supply?

A

Vaso vasorum

39
Q

Haemopoiesis takes place where before birth vs after birth?

A

Liver + spleen vs bone marrow

40
Q

Where is most blood?

A

In the peripheral veins

41
Q

Granulocytes?

A

NEB

42
Q

Agranulocytes?

A

L + M

43
Q

Most common WBC?

A

Neutrophils

44
Q

Rarest WBC?

A

Basophils

45
Q

Neutrophil 3 point summary?

A
  • Main cell in acute inflammation
  • Multi-lobed nucleus
  • Stains poorly
46
Q

Eosinophil 3 point summary?

A
  • Active in allergic reaction and parasitic infection (helminthes and protozoa)
  • Stains VERY red/pink
  • Bi-lobed nucleus
47
Q

Basophil 4 point summary?

A
  • Active in allergic reaction
  • Release histamine and heparin
  • Bi- lobed nucleus
  • Very granulated and stains purple
48
Q

Monocyte 2 point summary?

A
  • Kidney-shaped nucleus

- Differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells

49
Q

3 different types of lymphocytes?

A

B cells, T cells and NK cells

50
Q

Phospholipids are described as being …. + the plasmalemma is decribed as having a …. appearance?

A

Amphipathic + trilaminar

51
Q

Difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin?

A

Euchromatin is actively undergoing transcription

52
Q

Glia in the PNS + 2 roles?

A

Schwann cells + support and produce myelin

53
Q

Capillaries drain into …. where they start to gain …. ?

A

Post capillary venules + smooth muscle

54
Q

RBC life expectancy + how they die?

A

4 months and removed by spleen

Year 1 MBChB (10 decks)

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