Histology Flashcards
How do lungs control blood pressure
Lung capillaries release angiotensin-converting enzyme which converts angiotensin 1 to 2
Function of nasal cavity
Warm, moisten and filter the air. Also contains an area of specialised olfactory epithelium
Nasal vestibule is lined by
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
What is the respiratory epithelium made up of
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Lining of nasal cavity
Respiratory epithelium. Under lamina propriae is a band of connective tissue containing seromucous gland and venous plexus
Why is the oropharynx made up of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
It swallows food and air, hence to resist abrasion. Same non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium makes up the lingual (anterior) surface and upper part of posterior surface of epiglottis
What epithelium covers the larynx
Walls are made up of cartilage and muscles, respiratory epithelium lining its surfaces
What cover the vocal cords
Stratified squamous epithelium
What spans the open side of the C of cartilage
Fibroelastic tissue and smooth muscle (trachealis mucle)
What is the trachealis muscle
Smooth muscle the birdges the gap between free ends of cartilage at posterior border of trachea. Primary function is to constrict the trachea, primarily in coughing
What glands do submucosa of respiratory epithelium have
Seromucous glands
Airways about 1mm in diameter, lack cartilage are called
Bronchioles
Smallest bronchioles that lack respiratory function
Terminal bronchioles
Bronchionles with respiratory function
Respiratory bronchioles
What cells line terminal bronchioles
Cuboidal ciliated epitheliumand have non ciliated club cells
Function of club cells
Stem cells, detoxification, immune modulation and surfactant production
What were club cells previously called
Clara cells
What are alveolar cells also known as
Pneumocytes
Different types of alveolar cells
Alveolar type 1 - SImple squamous epithelium that provides a barrier permeable to gas
Type 2 - Polygonal in shape with surface covered by microvilli. Cytoplasm has dense membrane bound lamellar bodies with contain surfactant
Function of surfactant released by alveolar type 2 cells
Reduce tendency of alveoli to collapse at end respiration
How is surfactant released by lamellar bodies into lumen
By exocytosis
What other cells are present in alveoli
Alveolar macrophage
What does the air-blood barrier consist of
Type 1 pneumocytes, epithelial cell and basal lamina
What does the visceral pleura contain
Simple squamous epithelium known as mesothelium
What is the mesothelium backed by
Layers of fibrous and elastic connective tissue
