Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What part of gut tube do the lung buds sprout from

A

Upper gut tube, around the oesophagus

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2
Q

What is the connection between respiratory and digestive tract in adults

A

Pharynx

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3
Q

Process of formation of lung buds

A

As the oesophagus lengthens, a respiratory diverticulum forms along with a tracheoesphageal ridge. This respiratory diverticulum grows into the lung buds whereas the tracheosophageal ridge seperates the trachea and oesophagus

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4
Q

Respiratory congenital defects

A

Oesophageal atresia (blind-ending) and tracheoesophageal fistula (communication)

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5
Q

What can trancheosophageal fistula cause

A

Abnormal connection which causes ingested food to enter respiratory tract - infection prone

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6
Q

What arises from the endoderm and mesoderm

A

Tubular ventral growth from foregut phrynx - Foregut

Mesenchyme of lung buds - Mesoderm

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7
Q

How do the alveoli develop

A

The respiratory bronchioles start off with cuboidal epithelium cells. These develop to thin squamous cells to form a more efficient blood-air barrier. Blood capillaries establish close contact with these thin squamous cells via their flat endothelium

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8
Q

What pneumocytes produce surfactant and lack of this can cause?

A

Alveolar type 2 cells produce surfactant. Lack of pulmonary surfactant production can cause structural immunity in the lungs - Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)

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