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HISTOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

What is Alcian Blue used to dye

A

GAG - rich structures - blue
mucous goblet cells - blue
mast cell granules - blue
Cartilage Matrix - blue

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2
Q

what is Eosin used to stain

A 
Colloidal proteins (plasma), keratin, cytoplasm 
- dyes it pink
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3
Q

what is iron hematoxylin used to stain

A

Nuclei = stains it black

Elastic fibres = black

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4
Q

what is haematoxylin used to stain

A

stains nuclei and RNA blue

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5
Q

what is Periodic acid Schiff used to stain

A

hexose sugars, especially those contained in complex carbohydrate containing structures such as goblet cells, mucins, cartilage matrix, glycogen, basement membranes,
It dyes it a dark pink (magenta)

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6
Q

what is Perl’s stain used to stain

A

ferric iron - dyes it Prussian blue

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7
Q

what are the Romanovsky stains used for

A

chromatin (nuclei), neutrophils, granules, erythrocytes, eosinophil granules, lymphocytes, monocytes, cytoplasm and basophils.
dyes it purple/red/pink/blue

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8
Q

what is Toluidine blue used to stain

A

Nuclei, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cartilage matrix, mast cell granules
- stains it dark blue/pale blue/bring purple

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9
Q

what is Van Giesons trichrome stain used for

A

collagen, cell cytoplasm and nuclei

- stains collagen pink, cell cytoplasm yellow/olive green, and nuclei black

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10
Q

what is lipofuscin

A

it is a membrane bound orange/brown pigment that is caused by peroxidation of lipids in older cells (often found in the heart and liver)

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11
Q

what is glycogen

A

CHO polymer in the cytoplasm

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12
Q

what are the different cell shapes

A

rounded, polygonal, fusiform (spindle), squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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13
Q

what are biological specimens fixed in to prevent rotting

A

formalin

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14
Q

what is the epithelium found in the vagina

A

stratified squamous epithelia

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15
Q

what cells line the kidney and small ducts

A

simple cuboidal

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16
Q

where are cilia found in the body

A

in the respiratory and the reproductive tract

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17
Q

where is stratified epithelium found in the body

A

skin, mouth, oesophagus, vagina, cervix

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18
Q

where is simple cuboidal epithelia found in the body

A

glandular (secreting) tissue and kidney tubules

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19
Q

what is the small intestine lined with

A

simple columnar epithelium

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20
Q

what epithelia is found in the gallbladder

A

simple columnar with microvillous brush boarder

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21
Q

how does the staining of goblet cells differ from that of the absorptive epithelial cells

A

goblet cells are much lighter as they secrete mucus, they will have a well developed golgi

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22
Q

what is respiratory epithelium

A

pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with interspersed goblet cells

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23
Q

where does is columnar epithelium found in the body

A

Simple columnar epithelia are found in the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, fallopian tubes, endometrium, and respiratory bronchioles

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24
Q

where is squamous epithelia found in the body

A

most thoracic and abdominal organs

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25
what type of epithelium forms the pleural and peritoneal membranes that line the chest and abdomen
simple squamous
26
what is another name for simple squamous alveolar cells
type 1 pneumocytes
27
what is the cells of the epidermis made up of
stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium
28
how does the skin stain
there are blue/purple layers of living cells and there are pink staining surface layers of composed dead cells at the boundary there is a layer of blue keratinocyte granules
29
what are the three types of cell junction
occluding (impermeable), anchoring and communicating
30
what are the different types of epithelial secretion
merocrine, apocrine, holocrine and endocrine
31
what is the cell origin of glands
epithelial cell origin
32
what are the different type of secreting cells
protein, mucin, steroid and ion secreting
33
how can you tell the difference between mucus and serous secretions on a histological slide
serous are much more dark staining than mucous cells
34
what is urothelium
a layer of umbrella cells, with pseudostratified epithelia underneath
35
what are the different types of connective tissues
soft, hard, fibrous and fatty
36
What are connective tissue cells mainly derived from
From undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
37
What cell type us usually associated with extracellular matrix synthesis
Fibroblasts
38
What is the function of type 1 collagen
Skin, bone, teeth, capsules of organs
39
What is the function of type 2 collagen
Cartilage
40
What does type 3 collagen make up
Liver, kidney, spleen, arteries, uterus
41
What does type 4 collagen make up
Basement membranes
42
What does type 5 collagen make up
Placenta
43
Where is hard connective tissue found
Cartilage and bone
44
What are individual collagen fibrils made from
Overlapping linear strands of tropocollagen
45
What colour does elastic fibres stain
They stain pink
46
What does Van Gieson stain elastic fibres
Dark brown
47
What does white fat develop from
Embryonic mesenchyme
48
What is the structure of cartilage
There are cells in a dense glycosaminoglycan rich matric containing collagen and elastic tissue
49
What does undifferentiated mesenchymal cells develop into
Oseoblasts, chondroblasts and fibroblasts
50
What are the three forms of cartilage
Hyaline, elastic and fibrous
51
What is hyaline cartilage
GAG rich matrix which contain fine fibrils of collagen and elastin (glassy appearance)
52
Where is hyaline cartilage found
Synovial joints
53
What is elastic cartilage
It is irregularly arranged fibres of elastin
54
Where is elastic cartilage found
In the epiglottis and pinna of the ear
55
What is fibrous cartilage
Filled with collagen which can be seen oftern as distinct bands
56
Where is fibrous cartilage found
Intervertebral discs
57
What are the three forms of muscle in the body
Smooth, skeletal and cardiac
58
What is cardiac muscle
Cells contain myofibrils with repeated sarcomeres that give rise to visible striations. The cells don't unite. They all have there own nucleus placed centrally
59
What is the function of desmosomes
Desmosomes link adjacent cells via intermediate filaments
60
what is a monocyte derived from
a haematopoeitic stem cell
61
what cells produce elastin
fibroblasts
62
what are the visible fibres in the extracellular matrix
collagen, elastin and reticulin
63
what are the invisible fibres in the extracellular matrix
fibronectin and laminin
64
where is brown adipose found in adults
between the shoulder blades
65
where is brown adipose found in neonates
neck, back, around the aorta and between the kidneys
66
what is dense fibrous connective tissue and where is it found
characterised by having all of the collagen fibres running in the same orientation. It is found in ligaments and tendons
67
what structure is present in arteries and not veins
the external elastic lamina
68
where is endoneurium found
found between individual axons
69
where is perineurium found
surrounds groups of axons to make fascicles
70
where is epineurium found
binds fascicles together to form nerve fibres
71
what proportion of the blood is made up of white blood cells
1%
72
what is the predominant leukocyte
neutrophil
73
where do B lymphocytes mature in adults
bone marrow
74
what does a lymphocyte look like under a microscope
round nucleus with thin pale blue staining cytoplasm - no granules
75
what cell type contains Charcot Leyden crystals
eosinophils
76
what tissue types do macrophages give rise to
tissue macrophages, kupffer cells, osteoclasts, APCs, alveolar macrophages

Jemima Flash Cards (9 decks)

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