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Jemima Flash Cards > HISTOLOGY > Flashcards

HISTOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

What is Alcian Blue used to dye

A

GAG - rich structures - blue
mucous goblet cells - blue
mast cell granules - blue
Cartilage Matrix - blue

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2
Q

what is Eosin used to stain

A 
Colloidal proteins (plasma), keratin, cytoplasm 
- dyes it pink
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3
Q

what is iron hematoxylin used to stain

A

Nuclei = stains it black

Elastic fibres = black

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4
Q

what is haematoxylin used to stain

A

stains nuclei and RNA blue

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5
Q

what is Periodic acid Schiff used to stain

A

hexose sugars, especially those contained in complex carbohydrate containing structures such as goblet cells, mucins, cartilage matrix, glycogen, basement membranes,
It dyes it a dark pink (magenta)

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6
Q

what is Perl’s stain used to stain

A

ferric iron - dyes it Prussian blue

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7
Q

what are the Romanovsky stains used for

A

chromatin (nuclei), neutrophils, granules, erythrocytes, eosinophil granules, lymphocytes, monocytes, cytoplasm and basophils.
dyes it purple/red/pink/blue

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8
Q

what is Toluidine blue used to stain

A

Nuclei, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cartilage matrix, mast cell granules
- stains it dark blue/pale blue/bring purple

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9
Q

what is Van Giesons trichrome stain used for

A

collagen, cell cytoplasm and nuclei

- stains collagen pink, cell cytoplasm yellow/olive green, and nuclei black

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10
Q

what is lipofuscin

A

it is a membrane bound orange/brown pigment that is caused by peroxidation of lipids in older cells (often found in the heart and liver)

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11
Q

what is glycogen

A

CHO polymer in the cytoplasm

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12
Q

what are the different cell shapes

A

rounded, polygonal, fusiform (spindle), squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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13
Q

what are biological specimens fixed in to prevent rotting

A

formalin

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14
Q

what is the epithelium found in the vagina

A

stratified squamous epithelia

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15
Q

what cells line the kidney and small ducts

A

simple cuboidal

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16
Q

where are cilia found in the body

A

in the respiratory and the reproductive tract

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17
Q

where is stratified epithelium found in the body

A

skin, mouth, oesophagus, vagina, cervix

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18
Q

where is simple cuboidal epithelia found in the body

A

glandular (secreting) tissue and kidney tubules

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19
Q

what is the small intestine lined with

A

simple columnar epithelium

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20
Q

what epithelia is found in the gallbladder

A

simple columnar with microvillous brush boarder

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21
Q

how does the staining of goblet cells differ from that of the absorptive epithelial cells

A

goblet cells are much lighter as they secrete mucus, they will have a well developed golgi

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22
Q

what is respiratory epithelium

A

pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with interspersed goblet cells

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23
Q

where does is columnar epithelium found in the body

A

Simple columnar epithelia are found in the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, fallopian tubes, endometrium, and respiratory bronchioles

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24
Q

where is squamous epithelia found in the body

A

most thoracic and abdominal organs

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25
Q

what type of epithelium forms the pleural and peritoneal membranes that line the chest and abdomen

A

simple squamous

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26
Q

what is another name for simple squamous alveolar cells

A

type 1 pneumocytes

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27
Q

what is the cells of the epidermis made up of

A

stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium

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28
Q

how does the skin stain

A

there are blue/purple layers of living cells and there are pink staining surface layers of composed dead cells
at the boundary there is a layer of blue keratinocyte granules

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29
Q

what are the three types of cell junction

A

occluding (impermeable), anchoring and communicating

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30
Q

what are the different types of epithelial secretion

A

merocrine, apocrine, holocrine and endocrine

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31
Q

what is the cell origin of glands

A

epithelial cell origin

32
Q

what are the different type of secreting cells

A

protein, mucin, steroid and ion secreting

33
Q

how can you tell the difference between mucus and serous secretions on a histological slide

A

serous are much more dark staining than mucous cells

34
Q

what is urothelium

A

a layer of umbrella cells, with pseudostratified epithelia underneath

35
Q

what are the different types of connective tissues

A

soft, hard, fibrous and fatty

36
Q

What are connective tissue cells mainly derived from

A

From undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

37
Q

What cell type us usually associated with extracellular matrix synthesis

A

Fibroblasts

38
Q

What is the function of type 1 collagen

A

Skin, bone, teeth, capsules of organs

39
Q

What is the function of type 2 collagen

A

Cartilage

40
Q

What does type 3 collagen make up

A

Liver, kidney, spleen, arteries, uterus

41
Q

What does type 4 collagen make up

A

Basement membranes

42
Q

What does type 5 collagen make up

A

Placenta

43
Q

Where is hard connective tissue found

A

Cartilage and bone

44
Q

What are individual collagen fibrils made from

A

Overlapping linear strands of tropocollagen

45
Q

What colour does elastic fibres stain

A

They stain pink

46
Q

What does Van Gieson stain elastic fibres

A

Dark brown

47
Q

What does white fat develop from

A

Embryonic mesenchyme

48
Q

What is the structure of cartilage

A

There are cells in a dense glycosaminoglycan rich matric containing collagen and elastic tissue

49
Q

What does undifferentiated mesenchymal cells develop into

A

Oseoblasts, chondroblasts and fibroblasts

50
Q

What are the three forms of cartilage

A

Hyaline, elastic and fibrous

51
Q

What is hyaline cartilage

A

GAG rich matrix which contain fine fibrils of collagen and elastin (glassy appearance)

52
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found

A

Synovial joints

53
Q

What is elastic cartilage

A

It is irregularly arranged fibres of elastin

54
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found

A

In the epiglottis and pinna of the ear

55
Q

What is fibrous cartilage

A

Filled with collagen which can be seen oftern as distinct bands

56
Q

Where is fibrous cartilage found

A

Intervertebral discs

57
Q

What are the three forms of muscle in the body

A

Smooth, skeletal and cardiac

58
Q

What is cardiac muscle

A

Cells contain myofibrils with repeated sarcomeres that give rise to visible striations. The cells don’t unite. They all have there own nucleus placed centrally

59
Q

What is the function of desmosomes

A

Desmosomes link adjacent cells via intermediate filaments

60
Q

what is a monocyte derived from

A

a haematopoeitic stem cell

61
Q

what cells produce elastin

A

fibroblasts

62
Q

what are the visible fibres in the extracellular matrix

A

collagen, elastin and reticulin

63
Q

what are the invisible fibres in the extracellular matrix

A

fibronectin and laminin

64
Q

where is brown adipose found in adults

A

between the shoulder blades

65
Q

where is brown adipose found in neonates

A

neck, back, around the aorta and between the kidneys

66
Q

what is dense fibrous connective tissue and where is it found

A

characterised by having all of the collagen fibres running in the same orientation. It is found in ligaments and tendons

67
Q

what structure is present in arteries and not veins

A

the external elastic lamina

68
Q

where is endoneurium found

A

found between individual axons

69
Q

where is perineurium found

A

surrounds groups of axons to make fascicles

70
Q

where is epineurium found

A

binds fascicles together to form nerve fibres

71
Q

what proportion of the blood is made up of white blood cells

A

1%

72
Q

what is the predominant leukocyte

A

neutrophil

73
Q

where do B lymphocytes mature in adults

A

bone marrow

74
Q

what does a lymphocyte look like under a microscope

A

round nucleus with thin pale blue staining cytoplasm - no granules

75
Q

what cell type contains Charcot Leyden crystals

A

eosinophils

76
Q

what tissue types do macrophages give rise to

A

tissue macrophages, kupffer cells, osteoclasts, APCs, alveolar macrophages

Jemima Flash Cards (9 decks)

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