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Medical Derm Revision > Histo Stains > Flashcards

Histo Stains Flashcards

1
Q

Masson trichrome - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Collagen/Muscle - Collagen - Blue or green

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2
Q

Verhoeff-van Gieson - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Collagen/Muscle - Collagen - Red

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3
Q

Aldehyde fuchsin (Gomori) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Collagen/Muscle - Collagen - Red

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4
Q

Mallory triple stain or trichrome stain (aniline blue) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Collagen/Muscle - Collagen - Blue

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5
Q

PTAH (phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Collagen/Muscle - Collagen - Red

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6
Q

Muscle/fibrin - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Collagen/Muscle - Blue -

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7
Q

Movat’s pentachrome - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Collagen/Muscle - Collagen - Yellow

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8
Q

Verhoeff-van Gieson - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Elastic Tissue - Elastic fibers - Black

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9
Q

Orcein-Giemsa (Pinkus acid orcein) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Elastic Tissue - Elastic fibers - Black

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10
Q

Aldehyde fuchsin (Gomori) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Elastic Tissue - Elastic fibers - Blue or purple

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11
Q

Movat’s pentachrome - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Elastic Tissue - Elastic fibers - Black

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12
Q

Bodian - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Nerve - Nerve fibers - Black

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13
Q

Oil-red-O - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Fat - Lipid - Red

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14
Q

Sudan black B - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Fat - Lipid - Black

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15
Q

Scarlet red - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Fat - Lipid - Red brown

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16
Q

Fontana-Masson - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Melanin - Melanin - Black

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17
Q

Orcein-Giemsa - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Melanin - Melanin - Brown-black

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18
Q

Silver nitrate - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Melanin - Melanin - Black

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19
Q

Perls - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Hemosiderin - Hemosiderin/iron (not melanin) - Bright blue

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20
Q

Prussian blue - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Hemosiderin - Iron/hemosiderin - Blue

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21
Q

Turnbull’s blue - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Hemosiderin - Iron/hemosiderin - Blue

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22
Q

Alizarin Red S - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Calcium - Ca++ - Reddish orange

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23
Q

Von Kossa - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Calcium - Ca++ - Brown black

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24
Q

Toluidine blue - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - Acid MPS - Purple

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25
Q

Alcian blue - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - Acid MPS (pH 2.5), Sulfated MPS (pH 0.5) - Blue

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26
Q

Aldehyde fuchsin (Gomori) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - Acid MPS, elastic tissue - Blue

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27
Q

Colloidal iron - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - Acid MPS - Blue

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28
Q

Crystal violet - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - Acid MPS - Purple with blue background

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29
Q

Mucicarmine - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - “Epithelial” mucin - Bright pink ( Paget’s , cryptococcus capsule)

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30
Q

Giemsa - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - Acid MPS - Metachromatically purple

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31
Q

PAS - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Mucin/Mucopolysaccharide - Neutral MPS - Pink

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32
Q

Congo red - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Amyloid - Amyloid - Pink-red, green birefringence with polarization

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33
Q

Crystal violet - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Amyloid - Amyloid - Purple with blue background

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34
Q

Thioflavin T - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Amyloid - Amyloid - Yellow fluorescence under fluorescent microscope

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35
Q

Scarlet red - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Amyloid - Amyloid - Red

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36
Q

Orcein-Giemsa - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Amyloid - Amyloid - Light blue

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37
Q

Leder (chloroacetate esterase) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Mast Cells - Granules - Red

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38
Q

Giemsa - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Mast Cells - Granules - Purple

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39
Q

Toluidine blue - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Mast Cells - Granules - Purple

40
Q

Tryptase - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Mast Cells - Granules - Red to brown

41
Q

Gram stain - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Bacteria - Gram positive - Gm Post - Blue, Brown-Brenn and Brown-Hopps – modified gram stain. GM Negative - Red.

42
Q

Fite - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Bacteria - M. leprae, Nocardia - Red, Fite better than Ziehl-Neelsen for more delicate M. leprae bacilli

43
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Bacteria - Acid fast bacteria - Red

44
Q

Warthin-Starry - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Bacteria - Spirochetes - Black

45
Q

Steiner - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Bacteria - Spirochetes - Black

46
Q

Giemsa - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Bacteria - Leishmania, Histoplasma, Rickettsia - Purple to blue

47
Q

Methyl green-pyronin - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

DNA/RNA - RNA - Pink-red

48
Q

DNA - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

DNA/RNA - Blue-green -

49
Q

Feulgen - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

DNA/RNA - DNA only - Magenta

50
Q

GMS (Gomori methenamine silver) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Fungi - Donovan bodies, fungi - Black

51
Q

PAS (Periodic acid-Schiff) - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Fungi - Fungi, neutral MPS, glycogen - Red

52
Q

Grocott - ?Broad Stain Type - ?Stain Target - ?Stain Colour

A

Fungi - Fungi - Fungus cell wall: black

53
Q

Cytokeratin (Keratin) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Epithelial cells, +/- sweat glands - Types of keratin: AE1 (low molecular weight): basal epidermis, sweat glandsAE3 (high molecular weight): mid to superficial epidermisCAM 5.2: Paget’s disease; CK 7: Paget’s disease; CK 20: Merkel cell carcinoma - Epithelial tumors, some adnexal tumors

54
Q

S100 - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Melanocytes, neural cells, smooth/skeletal muscle cells, Langerhans cells, eccrine and apocrine glands, chondrocytes - Langerhans cell histiocytosis, melanoma, granular cell tumor, eccrine neoplasms, neural tumors, liposarcoma

55
Q

HMB-45 - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Melanocytes (less sensitive but more specific than S100) - Melanoma, some normal nevi, Spitz nevus, angiomyolipoma, breast carcinoma. Of note, MART-1/Melan A and Mel-5 comparable to HMB-45

56
Q

CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Eccrine glands - Paget’s disease, extramammary Paget’s, epithelioid sarcoma (sometimes), sweat gland tumors, adenocarcinomas (gastric, lung, breast, etc)

57
Q

EMA (Epithelial membrane antigen) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Eccrine glands, some epithelial malignancies - Paget’s disease, merkel cell carcinoma, meningioma, epithelioid sarcoma, most epithelial tumors

58
Q

Desmin - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Muscle cells (skeletal and smooth muscle) - Leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, glomus cell tumor (focally +), embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

59
Q

Vimentin - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Muscle cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, histiocytes, lymphocytes, Schwann cells, melanocytes - Mesenchymal tumors (sarcomas, lymphomas, atypical fibroxanthoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans), melanoma, glomus cell tumor

60
Q

Smooth muscle actin - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Myofibroblasts, muscle cells - Glomus tumors, smooth muscle tumors, some atypical fibroxanthomas

61
Q

Neuron specific enolase (NSE) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Nonspecific neuroendocrine marker - Granular cell tumor, merkel cell carcinoma, other neuroendocrine tumors, some melanocytic tumors (melanoma), schwannoma

62
Q

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Glial cells, astrocytes, Schwann cells -

63
Q

Chromogranin - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Neuroendocrine neoplasms - Merkel cell carcinoma

64
Q

Synaptophysin - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Neuroendocrine neoplasms - Merkel cell carcinoma

65
Q

Myelin basic protein (MBP) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Myelin sheath tissue, Schwann cells - Neurofibroma, neuroma, granular cell tumor

66
Q

Factor VIII related antigen (von Willebrand) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Endothelial cells (not as sensitive as CD31) - Vascular tumors (both benign and malignant)

67
Q

CD31 - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Monocytes, granulocytes, T/B cells, endothelial cells - Vascular neoplasms (angiosarcoma)

68
Q

Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Endothelial cells, most eccrine glands, keratinocytes - Vascular tumors

69
Q

CD34 - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Benign and malignant vascular tumors, endothelial cells, nerves, hematopoietic cells - Vascular tumors (benign/malignant), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, vascular tumors (not as sensitivie as ulex), neurofibroma, epithelioid sarcoma, spindle cell lipoma, fibrous papule

70
Q

Factor XIIIa - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Macrophages, dermal dendrocytes, platelets - Dermatofibroma, xanthoma disseminatum, fibrous papule, AFX, xanthogranuloma

71
Q

Bcl-2 - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Indicator of decr apoptosis, incr cell longevity - Follicular center cell lymphoma

72
Q

Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein 15 (GCDFP-15) - ?Normal Location - ?Positive In

A

Apocrine glands - Apocrine tumors, breast carcinoma, salivary gland tumors

73
Q

Macrophage - Which Stains?

A

α1-antitrypsin, lysozyme, HAM 56, CD 68

74
Q

Melanocyte - Which Stains?

A

S100, HMB 45, mart1/melanA, vimentin

75
Q

Langerhans cell - Which Stains?

A

S100, CD1a, vimentin

76
Q

Merkel cell - Which Stains?

A

CK20, neurofilament, chromogranin A, NSE, synaptophysin, B97 EMA

77
Q

Sebaceous gland - Which Stains?

A

EMA, keratin

78
Q

Sweat gland - Which Stains?

A

CEA, EMA, keratin (cytoplasmic positivity), gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (in apocrine and some eccrine), smooth muscle actin (in myoepithelial cells)

79
Q

Fibroblast - Which Stains?

80
Q

Mast cell - Which Stains?

A

CD117 (c-kit)

81
Q

Myofibroblast - Which Stains?

A

Muscle specific actin, desmin (sometimes)

82
Q

Dermal dendrocytes - Which Stains?

A

Factor XIIIa

83
Q

Blood vessels - Which Stains?

A

Factor VIII-related Ag, CD31, CD34, vimetin

84
Q

Nerves - Which Stains?

A

Axons: neurofilament, NSE. Schwann cells: S100, GFAP, myelin basic protein (MBP)

85
Q

Muscle - Which Stains?

A

Smooth muscle actin

86
Q

Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains

A

POSITIVE: Vimentin, actin, + histiocyte stains (i.e. CD68). NEGATIVE: S100 (positive in spindle cell melanoma), pankeratin (positive in spindle cell SCC), CD34, CEA, EMA, desmin.

87
Q

Leiomyosarcoma - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains

A

POSITIVE: Desmin, smooth muscle actin, +/- vimentin. NEGATIVE: CEA, S100 (only rarely positive), keratin (only rarely positive).

88
Q

Melanoma - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains

A

POSITIVE: S100, vimentin, melanA, HMB45 (latter negative in desmoplastic/spindle cell melanoma). NEGATIVE: Keratin (positive in Paget’s), CD45 (positive for lymphocytes in halo nevus), CEA, EMA, desmin.

89
Q

Angiosarcoma - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains

A

POSITIVE: CD31, CD34, Factor VIII-related antigen, Ulex europaeus. NEGATIVE: Keratin, CEA, EMA, S100.

90
Q

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains

A

POSITIVE: Cytokeratin 20, EMA, NSE, synaptophysin, chromogranin. NEGATIVE: S100, LCA, CEA, vimentin, desmin, GFAP, thyroid transcription factor-1 or TTF-1 (positive in small cell lung cancer).

91
Q

Schwannoma (Neurilemmoma) - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains

A

POSITIVE: Vimentin, S100, MBP. NEGATIVE: Keratin, neurofilaments, desmin.

92
Q

Glomus tumor - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains

A

POSITIVE: Vimentin, smooth muscle actin. NEGATIVE: Desmin (occasionally focally positive), cytokeratin.

93
Q

Epithelioid sarcoma - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains

A

POSITIVE: Cytokeratin, CD34 (50 % cases), EMA, vimentin, +/- CEA. NEGATIVE: .

94
Q

DFSP - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains

A

POSITIVE: Vimentin, CD34. NEGATIVE: S100, HMB45, keratin, stromelysin-3, Factor XIIIa (latter two markers positive in dermatofibroma).

95
Q

Paget’s disease - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains

A

POSITIVE: CK7, EMA, CEA, GCDFP-15. NEGATIVE: S100, HMB45.

96
Q

Sebaceous carcinoma - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains

A

POSITIVE: EMA, keratin (CAM 5.2). NEGATIVE: CEA (usually), S100.

97
Q

Granular cell tumor - ?Relevant Pos/Neg Stains

A

POSITIVE: S100, NSE, MBP. NEGATIVE: GFAP, neurofilament.

Medical Derm Revision (51 decks)

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