Histo Lec - M8 Nervous Tissue

Question 1

It consists of neurons and supporting cells called neuroglia or glial cells

Answer 1

Nervous tissue

Question 1

are the cells considered to be the basis of nervous tissue

Answer 1

neurons

Question 2

The main part of a neuron is the?

Answer 2

Cell body/soma

Question 3

The other processes of the neuron are dendrites, which receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called?

Answer 3

synapses

Question 4

usually highly branched processes providing locations for other neurons to communicate with the cell body.

Answer 4

dendrites

Question 5

is a type of neuron in which only one process called a neurite extends from the cell body.

Answer 5

Unipolar neuron

Question 6

two major processes (axon and dendrite), but may be branched at ends, sensory neurons in retina, cochlea, and olfactory epithelium are of this type.

Answer 6

Bipolar

Question 7

more than two processes (one axon plus multiple dendrites), most of neurons in brain and spinal cord are of this type.

Answer 7

Multipolar

Question 8

two major processes that are fused along portions closest to perikaryon - found in spinal ganglia and some cranial ganglia.

Answer 8

Pseudounipolar

Question 9

efferent, action potential moves from CNS to effector organ

Answer 9

Motor neurons

Question 10

afferent, action potential moves from sensory organ to CNS

Answer 10

Sensory neurons

Question 11

form connections between neurons

Answer 11

Interneurons

Question 12

These cells are situated among the neurons and are generally smaller.

Answer 12

Glial Cells (Neuroglia)

Question 13

• granular cytoplasm, many branches on short processes
• some of processes are closely applied to neurons, while others form intimate contacts with blood vessels.
• thought to form a conduit for nutrients from blood vessels to neurons.
• found in gray matter.

Answer 13

protoplasmic astrocytes

Question 14

• long slender processes
• function not well understood
• found chiefly in white matter.

Answer 14

fibrous astrocytes

Question 15

Smaller than astrocytes, fewer processes
b. Found in both gray and white matter
c. In white matter, these cells form the myelin sheaths that are around many axons, in gray mater they may lightly myelinate some dendrites.
d. Analogous to Schwann cells of peripheral nervous system
e. These cells must be cultured with neurons in order to get neurons to grow in tissue culture. Suggests intimate interactive association.

Answer 15

Oligodendroglia

Question 16

a. small cell body that is elongated
b. Elongate nucleus with mostly heterochromatin
c. Can be differentiated from other glia by elongate nucleus. Other glia have a spherical nucleus

Answer 16

Microglia

Question 17

a. ciliated cells forming single layer of cuboidal epithelium that lines the entire neurocoel
b. ciliary action acts to circulate cerebral spinal fluid.

Answer 17

Ependymal cells

Question 18

They are oval or spindle-shaped cells with scanty cytoplasm and round nucleus at the expanded part of the cell.

Answer 18

Amphicytes or satellite cells

Question 19

They are found in the PNS. They are cells enclosing both the unmyelinated and myelinated axons in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 19

Neurolemmocytes or Schwann cells

Question 20

are often referred to as the body’s chemical messengers

Answer 20

Neurotransmitters

Question 21

are known to play a supporting role for nervous tissue

Answer 21

Glial Cells

Question 22

Where the axon emerges from the cell body, there is a special region

Answer 22

axon hillock

Question 23

Within the axon hillock, the cytoplasm changes to a solution of limited components called

Answer 23

axoplasm

Question 24

there are gaps in the myelin covering of an axon. Each gap is called a

Answer 24

node of Ranvier

Question 25

It is the first neurotransmitter to be discovered was a small molecule. It plays a major role in the peripheral nervous system, where it is released by motor neurons and neurons of the autonomic nervous system.

Answer 25

acetylcholine.

Question 26

is the primary excitatory transmitter in the central nervous system

Answer 26

glutamate

Question 27

is the primary neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system where it works on the activity of various organs in the body to control blood pressure, heart rate, liver function and many other functions.

Answer 27

Noradrenaline (or norepinephrine

Question 28

the last of the major monoamines, plays a role in metabolism, temperature control, regulating various hormones, and controlling the sleep-wake cycle, amongst other function.

Answer 28

histamine