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Histo Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main characteristics of Epithelial tissue?

A

Avascular and Innervated

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2
Q

What does Epithelial tissue rest on?

A

Basement membrane

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3
Q

Epithelium that is primarily involved in secretion is arranged as ____

A

Glands

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4
Q

What are the 3 surfaces to Epithelial tissue?

A

Apical Surface- faces the exterior surface/lumen of an enclosed tube

Basal Surface- rests on basement membrane and anchors the underlying CT

Lateral Surface- Communicates/attaches to the adjacent cells

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of Intracellular Junctions?

A

Tight/Occluding Junctions

Gap/Communicating Junctions

Anchoring Junctions

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6
Q

Describe Tight/Occluding Junctions

A

Impermeable by forming a barrier

Made up opf Occludins and Claudins

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7
Q

Describe Gap/Communicating Junctions

A

Fluid filled channels thaty connect cells and allows ions to pass through

Connexin aggregates to form the channel

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of Anchoring Junctions? Describe each

A

Adherins- Lateral adhesions involving cadherins that ineract with actin filaments

Desmosome- lateral adhesions involving cadherins that interact with intermediate filaments

Hemidesmosome- basal adhesions that involv integrins and intermediate filaments that anchor to the basal lamina

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9
Q

What type of Junction Does Bacteria that cause food poisoning affect and what does this cause?

What type of Junction Does H. Pylori affect and what does this cause?

A

Tight junctions are targeted within the intestines, which imparis them and leads to loss of tissue fluid into the intestinal lumen

Tight junctions are targeted within the stomach and impairs them, leading to gastric ulcers and increased permeability

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10
Q

What type of junctions does the Autoimmune disease Pemphigus Vulgaris affect? What does this cause?

A

Desmosomes

Leads to a reduction in cell-to-cell adhesion, caudsing blistering of the oral mucosa

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11
Q

What is the function of the basement membrane and where is it found?

A

Selective barrier between tissues and permists the diffusion of nutrients

Surrounds the cell

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12
Q

What is the function of Microvilli? Where are they found? What disease is associated with the loss of these?

Where are Microvilli found on the cell?

A

Increase the surface area by 20-30 times, which increases the cells ability to absorb nutrients

Celiacs disease is caused by the loss of microvilli on absorbative cells in the small intestines

Found on the apical surface

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13
Q

Where on the cell are Stereocilia found?

What is the function of stereocilia?

What are the 2 locations within the body that these cells are found?

A

Found on the apical surface of the cell

Long microvilli with very little to no mobility

Locations:

Epidydymis (non-motile)

Hair Cells of the Inner Ear (Motile)- the bending of these allow hearing

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14
Q

Where on the cell are cilia found?

What is the function of cilia?

What make up cilia?

Embryologically, what do they determine?

A

Found on the apical side of the cell

Their function is to beat like a wave and propel substances across the tissue

Made up of long, highly motile Microtubules

Cilia determine the location of the bodies organs such as the heart due to the way the wave is moving. Typically, our heart is on the left side of our body, but if the cilia are moving the opposite way this can displace our heart

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of simple squamous epithelium? Where are each found?

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Endothelium- lining og blood and lymphatic vessels

Mesothelium- lining of serous membranes around alveoli in lungs and the loop of Henle in Kidney

Function- exchange, barrier, and lubrication

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16
Q

Where are simple cuboidal cells found?

What is their function?

A

Kidney tubules, bronchioles, and covering the ovary

Function is absorption, barrier, and secretion

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17
Q

Where are simople columnar cells located?

What is their function?

A

Auditory tubes, uterus, oviducts, stomach, small and large intestines, gallbladder

Function is absorption and secretion

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18
Q

Where are pseudostratified colunar cilia found?

A

Nasal cavity

Pharynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Functionis in absorption and secretion, debris and particulate movement

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19
Q

Where is Urothelium found?

What is the function of the Urothelium?

A

Urinary bladder, Uterus, and Urethra

Its function is a barrier and to allow for distention of the organ it covers

20
Q

Where are Non-Keratinized stratified squamous epithelia found?

A

Oral Cavity

Pharynx

Esophagus

Anus

Vagina

Urethra

Cornea

21
Q

Where are Keratinized Stratified squamous Epithelia found?

A

Epidermis of the skin

22
Q

Where are stratified cuboidal cells found?

A

Swet glands and ducts

Ovarian follicles

Salivary glands

23
Q

What are Serous membranes?

Where are Serous Membranes found?

A

Epithelial tissue that lines internal body cavities

Peritoneum

Pericardium

Pleura

24
Q

_____ is a simple squamous epithelium that comprises part of a serous membrane

A

Mesothelium

25
Q

What are the 2 ways to classify glands according to how their products are released?

What are the 2 ways signals are released from glands?

A

Exocrine

Endocrine

In a paracrine or autocrine fashion

26
Q

What are Goblet cells and where are they found?

A

Mucus secreting cells that line the intestines and respiratory tract

27
Q

Exocrine Glands:

What are the secretory groups called?

What suports the secretory units?

What is the functional tissue called?

A

Secretory Groups are called Acinus

These are supported by a STROMA of connective tissue, which separates the gland into lobules

The functional unit of exocrine glands are called Parenchyma, which contain many Acini attached to it

28
Q

What are the 3 different types of glands

A

Merocrine- Secretion is delivered in membrane-bound vesicles to the apical surface and undergo exocytosis

Holocrine- secretion accumulates within the cell leading to apoptosis, which allows for the release of secretions

Apocrine- Release of the apical portion of the cell, surrounded by cytoplasm within a plasma membrane

29
Q

Give examples for the 3 different types of glands

A

Merocrine- Salivary glands

Holocrine- Hair cells using sebaceous glands

Apocrine- Mammary glands (releases breast milk)

30
Q

What are the 2 ways to classify glands based on their branched pattern?

A

Simple- unbranched

Compound- 2 or more branches

31
Q
A

Stereocilia

32
Q
A

Endothelium

33
Q
A

Simple Cuboidal

34
Q
A

Simple Columnar

35
Q
A

Simple Columnar

36
Q
A

Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated

37
Q
A

Urothelium

38
Q
A

Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous

39
Q
A

Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous

40
Q
A

Keratinized Stratified Squamous

41
Q
A

Stratified Cuboidal

XXXMSK (15 decks)

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