Histo Flashcards
A 3-month-old male infant has a lump in his neck. A biopsy of the
lump shows it to be thymic tissue. Based on embryonic origin, which
of the following additional structures is most likely to have an ectopic
location? A. Jugulodigastric lymph node B. Lingual tonsil C. Parathyroid gland D. Submandibular gland E. Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
• A 5-week-old male infant is born without a thymus or inferior
parathyroid glands. Which of the following pharyngeal pouch is most
likely involved? A. First B. Second C. Third D. Fourth E. Fifth
Third
The parents of an 8-week-old girl complain that their child is apathetic and
sluggish. Further testing reveals mental and physical retardation. The child
is diagnosed with cretinism. Hormone replacement therapy is initiated.
Agenesis during development of which of the following organs would
explain the pathogenesis of physical and mental retardation in this infant? A. Adrenal glands B. Parathyroid glands C. Pineal gland D. Pituitary gland E. Thyroid gland
Thyroid gland
Electron microscopic examination of the neuroendocrine tissue
reveals dilated terminal axons containing dense core, membrane-
bound secretory vesicles. What is the appropriate term for the dilated
portions of terminal axons in the posterior lobe of the pituitary? A. Corpora amylacea B. Herring bodies C. Neurokeratin vacuoles D. Neurophysin droplets E. Nissl substance
Herring bodies
16-year-old boy presents with lethargy and headaches. His parents note
that he drinks water excessively. A 24-hour urine collection shows polyuria.
His fasting blood sugar is normal. Laboratory studies reveal decreased
serum levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This polypeptide hormone is
synthesized in which of the following organs/glands? A. Adrenal cortex B. Adrenal medulla C. Hypothalamus D. Kidney E. Posterior pituitary
Hypothalamus
52-year-old woman complains of swelling in the anterior portion of her
neck that she first noticed 6 months ago. Except for some discomfort
during swallowing, the patient does not report any significant symptoms.
Laboratory studies show elevated serum levels of thyroid hormones (T3
and T4). These tyrosine-based polypeptide hormones are synthesized and
secreted by which of the following endocrine cells? A. Chief cells B. Follicular cells C. Leydig cells D. Oxyphil cells E. Parafollicular cells
Follicular cells
48-year-old woman presents with flank pain. Laboratory studies show
elevated serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium. Imaging
studies reveal stones in the patient’s right renal pelvis and ureter. Which of
the following endocrine cells secretes a polypeptide hormone that opposes
the action of PTH and decreases serum calcium levels in this patient? A. Chief cells B. Follicular cells C. Leydig cells D. Oxyphil cells E. Parafollicular cells
Parafollicular cells
53-year-old man complains of muscle weakness and dizziness of 3
months’ duration. His blood pressure is elevated (185/100 mm Hg).
Endocrine studies reveal elevated serum levels of aldosterone. Cells in
which of the following anatomic locations secrete this
mineralocorticoid?
A. Adrenal cortex, zona fasciculata
B. Adrenal cortex, zona glomerulosa
C. Adrenal cortex, zona reticularis
D. Adrenal medulla
E. Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex, zona glomerulosa
Which of the following best describes the average epithelial
morphology of a hypoactive thyroid gland? A. Pseudostratified columnar B. Simple columnar C. Simple squamous D. Stratified cuboidal E. Stratified squamous
Simple squamous
A subset of the cells synthesize and secrete timed pulses of FSH and
LH that regulate the ovarian cycle and ovulation. These gonadotropins
enter the systemic circulation through which of the following vascular
beds? A. Primary plexus of the median eminence B. Primary plexus of the pars distalis C. Primary plexus of the pars nervosa D. Secondary plexus of the median eminence E. Secondary plexus of the pars distalis
Secondary plexus of the median eminence E. Secondary plexus of the pars distalis
Which of the following cell types is most common in the anterior
pituitary lobe? (April-2015) A. Thyrotrope B. Corticotrope C. Lactotrope D. Somatotrope E. Gonadotrope
Somatotrope
Which of the following cells is found in the posterior lobe of the
pituitary gland? (March- 2021) A. Pinealocytes B. Pituicyte C. Oxyphil cell D. Follicular cell E. Chromophobe cell
Pituicyte
Which of the following hormones is different from the others in the
embryonic origin of the region where it is secreted from the pituitary? A. Somatotropin B. Prolactin C. Thyrotropin D. Oxytocin E. Follicle stimulating hormone
Oxytocin
Which of the following regions of the pituitary develops from the
base of the diencephalon? A. Pars intermedia B. Rathke sac C. Infundibulum D. Pars tuberalis E. Pars distalis
Infundibulum
Pictures
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